الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic dysregulation most
notable glucose metabolism accompanied by long term complications.
These complications, that are specific to diabetes, include retinopathy,
nephropathy and neuropathy.
This study was carried out on (7) male and (36) female Albino rats
(150 ± 5gm). The female albino rats were divided into 4 main groups:
i. Control group (6 rats)
ii. Diabetic untreated group (6 rats)
iii. Diabetic group of rats were treated by 108 MSCs (12 rats), and
iv. Diabetic group of rats were treated by 108 SCa-1+ antigen (12 rats)
Induction of diabetic rats was carried out by a single dose
intravenous injection into fasting rats for 48 h in their tail vein with a
diluted solution of 40 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate (2%) in freshly
prepared mammalian saline solution.
The therapy was carried out by a single dose intravenous injection
in rats’ tail veins using two types of stem cells on two groups of rats, one
of which 108 MSCs was used and the other 108 Anti-Sca-1+ was used.
The Anti-Sca-1+ was separated by the electromagnetic method. Each
group were slaughtered into two phases, the first phase after 15 days of
treatment, and the other one after 30 days of treatment.
For the biochemical study, blood samples were collected from
each rat at the end of the experimental period from the heart after
dissecting, directly before death and kept at -20C _, as well as tissue
samples. Parts of the tissue samples were kept in absolute 10%
formalin solution for histological and immunohistochemical studies,
the second part of organ was used in genetic partition and the last one
of organ was kept at -20 C _.
The genetic examination was focused on SRY gene using PCR
technique to determine strongly whether the stem cell types (MSCs
and Anti-Sca-1+) have worked to improve results or there were factors
other than these cells. The optical density of RNA and DNA
fragmentation was determined.
Biochemical investigations of the factors in the blood serum: as
glucose tolerance, c-peptide, insulin and Glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c), and in pancreas tissue as: glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2),
which were tested, as a genetic parameter.
Moreover, there were histological and immunohistochemical
examinations like insulin, BAX and BCL2 were used to show and for
sure whether stem cells have caused improvement into the tissues of
the diabetic pancreatic type 1 or not.
The results of the present study revealed that, alloxan was
reported to induce diabetes type 1 on β cells of pancreas by significant
absence of RNA, severe DNA fragmentation, significant decrease of
Glut2, insulin, c-peptide, significant increase of glucose and HbA1c. By
histological examination, it was detected that pyknotic cells are widely
separated between the lobes, followed by congestions in blood vessels
and blood capillaries inside the islets, accompanied by cytoplasmic
vacuolation.
Firstly; the results showed that the stem cells (MSCs and SCa-1+
antigen) indicated a progress in improving the results through PCR test,
which referred to the functions of the cells, as follows:
1. Migration from the injection site into the injury site (pancreas),
2. characterization and differentiation into pancreatic cells, and
3. Secretion of insulin hormone to blood again.
Secondly there were significant increase of RNA intensity and decrease
of DNA damage in treated groups.
Other investigations showed that the biochemical parameters
indicated that the treatment of diabetic rats, with bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and (SCa-1+ antigen) could greatly
ameliorate glucose, insulin, c-peptide, HbA1c and glut2, after 15 and 30
days of treatment, as compared to control group. These were confirmed
by histological investigations, which indicate significant progress in the
pancreas tissue, by marked significant increase of pancreatic islets size
and improvement in the acinar cells after 30 days of treatment by (MSCs)
and (Anti-SCa-1+).
A diluted solution of 40 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate (2%)
induced diabetes type1 by a single dose injected i.v.
It could be concluded that the treatment of diabetic groups of rats
with MSCs was more beneficial and better than the treatment with Anti-
Sca-1+ antigen.