الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by typical symptoms (e.g. breathlessness, ankle swelling and fatigue) that may be accompanied by signs (e.g. elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles and peripheral oedema) caused by a structural and /or functional cardiac abnormality, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and/ or elevated intra-cardiac pressures at rest or during stress.
Diagnosis is based on clinical features, chest X-ray (acute phase) , echocardiography and plasma BNP measurement . Further investigations in CHF aim to confirm the diagnosis, determine the mechanism (e.g. LV systolic dysfunction, valvular heart disease), determine the cause (e.g. CHD), identify exacerbating and precipitating factors (e.g. arrhythmias, ischaemia, anaemia, pulmonary embolism, infection), guide treatment and determine prognosis.
Oxidative damage results from biochemical interactions between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and target biomolecules. ROS can damage nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins.
In nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′ -deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is one of the predominant forms of free radical-induced oxidative lesions. It has therefore been widely used as a biomarker for oxidative stress and carcinogenesis.
Many studies in HF patients showed consistently higher 8-OHdG concentrations in patients compared to healthy control subjects.
The failing myocardium seems to be one of the main sources of the increase in urinary 8-OHdG in patients with CHF. Moreover, urinary 8-OHdG may closely reflect clinical severity based on both symptoms and cardiac dysfunction in CHF.
The current study was carried out at the Medical Biochemistry and Cardiology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of urinary 8-hydroxy2`deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in patients with chronic heart failure.
Full history and clinical examination were made to every subject. Laboratory investigations were also carried out to all individuals including: serum lipid profile [serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc)], fasting blood glucose , 2hours postprandial blood glucose , serum creatinine, plasma level of catalase enzyme , serum level of malondialdhyde and serum and urinary 8-hydroxy 2`deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) .
The results of the present study can be summarized as follows:
•There was significant statistical difference between studied groups regarding pulse , blood pressure (SBP,DBP) , hypertension , history of ischemic heart disease , diabetes mellitus , presence of odema and EF% while there was non significant statistical difference between studied groups regarding cyanosis .
•There was significant statistical increase of FBG,PPG, TC , TG , LDL and serum creatinine in patients compared to controls while there was significant statistical decrease of HDL in patients compared to controls.
•There was significant statistical increase of MDA , serum 8-OHdG and urinary 8-OHdG in patients compared to controls while there was significant statistical decrease of catalase in patients compared to controls.
•There was non significant statistical difference between the patients` subgroups regarding FBG , PPG, TC , TG , LDL , HDL and serum creatinine .
•There is non significant statistical difference between the patients` subgroups regarding catalase , MDA and serum 8-OHdG where as there is significant statistical difference between the patients` subgroups regarding urinary 8-OHdG .
•There is significant inverse correlation between urinary 8-OHdG and EF% where as there is non significant correlation between urinary OHdG and other studied parameters where as there is non significant correlation between serum 8- OHdG and all studied parameters in patients` group.
•There was non significant statistical difference of serum 8-OHdG and urinary 8-OHdG between the patients` subgroups according to hypertension and diabetes mellitus.