الفهرس 
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Abstract
Testicular biopsy is indicated in the azoospermic patients to determine if the cause of azoospermia is ductal obstruction or testicular pathology.
The technique traditionally used is an open testicular biopsy (window technique). Recently, several reports have described the use of less invasive percutaneous needle biopsies as an alternative to open testis biopsy .Although testicular fine needle aspiration have been increasingly reported as diagnostic tool in cases of azoospermia.
The aim of this study to evaluate whether testicular fine needle aspiration can replace open biopsy in the evaluation of azoospermic patients.
This study was done with 35 patients (22-38 years old). Three patients was with single testis, and another two patients with Absence of the Vas.Open biopsy and simultaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy was taken from each testicle by cord block will be achieved with 1% lignocaine and aspiration will be done , with 23-gauge 1.5 inch needle .Open testicular biopsy was taken fixed in Bouins fluid , routinely precessed and stained with H&E stain .smears of FNAC will be made on a slide and stained with leishman stain, then all biopsies randomized and blinded to the pathologist who provide a histologic and cytologic diagnosis, in this manner it was possible to compare independently the information obtained by each method.
In this study there was a 100% correlation between fine needle cytologic smear diagnosis and open biopsy histologic diagnosis. Based on the results, we could conclude that:
1) The technique of testicular fine needle aspiration cytology is simple, more than 1 specimen can be taken safely
2) Testis fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) correlates well with testis biopsy histology in the evaluation of male infertility.
3) Complications in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are less than in the open biopsy, as it is minimally invasive.
4) Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) could be done in out patient clinic, because it’s not in need for general anesthesia or operative room.
5) Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) technique is not time consuming, comparing to open biopsy.
6) Materials and the preparations for the specimens of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are cost effective less than open biopsy
Recommendation
1) To advance the technique of fine needle aspiration cytology. (FNAC)
2) To use multiple types of stains that makes the diagnosis more obvious and clear.
3) To expand the number of patients for more helpful results.
4) To encourage the Andrologist to take fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) once the patient diagnosed as azoospermia .
5) To train most of the Andrologists for this maneuver to help more number of patients in the outpatient clinic.