الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tracheobronchial injuries (TBIs) is a life threatening condition that may caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the neck or chest, as well as iatrogenic causes that may injure the airway. The exact site of tracheobronchial injuries is 2-3 cm from the carina, complete avulsion of right main bronchus from the trachea, avulsion of left main bronchus, injuries between tracheal rings or along the membranous part of the trachea or main bronchi. Lesions may be transverse, longitudinal or spiral. Patients with small injuries, poor clinical and radiological manifestation, or no significant leaks, who do not require positive pressure ventilation and are non progressive, may be treated by conservative measures. Conservative treatment includes medication as anti tussive , mild inspiratory pressures, non invasive ventilatory support if necessary, intense physiotherapy to clear secretions, and possibly application of fibrin to cover the lesion. The goal of surgery is to repair the tracheobronchial injury to improve ventilation, avoid mediastinitis and prevent spontaneous healing complications which lead to stenosis of airway and repeated respiratory infections. In our study, twenty patients of tracheobronchial injuries were included and all managed by surgery, seventeen of them underwent repair, two underwent lobectomy and only one case underwent pneumonectomy as repair in these 3 cases was impossible. Bronchoscope was done for all patients as a pre-operative assessment and post-operative follow up and was diagnostic and conclusive in nearly all patients. Most cases were approached via right posterolateral thoracotomy and only three cases were approached through left posterolateral thoracotomy. Repair was done in most cases by vicryle sutures which associated with low post oprerative granulation tissues and low risk of stenosis as compared with repair by prolene sutures which have advantage of low incidence of infection when compared with other suture materials. On pre-discharge chest radiography, three cases showed lobar collapse at the site of repair. Of those, only one case showed persistent collapse on six weeks follow up chest radiography. In our study, we found that tracheobronchial injuries gave non specific clinical manifestations, bronchoscopy was the corner stone in the diagnosis. Emergent surgical intervention by thoracotomy should be done for repair of tracheobronchial injuries in the majority of the cases with accepted surgical outcome compared with others.