الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize root canal morphology of maxillary premolars among Egyptian sub population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Clearing technique.
A total of 600 extracted human permanent maxillary first and second premolars (300 maxillary first premolar and 300 maxillary second premolar) were randomly collected from Egyptian patients. Teeth were examined using CBCT
The CBCT unit was operated at 120 KVp ,10 Ma with 26.9 second scanning time and voxel size 0.125 mm and field of view (4cm Height *16 cm Diameter).
After acquisition, data were exported and transferred in DICOM format and downloaded via a Compact Disk (CD) to a personal computer for assessment, where Invivo Dental software version 5.1 was utilized.
Evaluation of number of roots, number of canals and type of canals based on Vertucci’s classification and root canal curvature were determined and confirmed using serial of sagittal, coronal, and axial sections, number of canals were determined by navigation of axial tomographic section, while configuration (type) of canals was investigated using sagittal section and confirmed in the axial section.
Then teeth had an endodontic access cavities with the aid of dental loups and cleaned by sodium hypochlorite, then teeth were cleared by injecting India ink in pulp chamber then
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Summary
demineralized by immersion in nitric acid 5% then dehydrated by ascending concentrations of ethyl alcohol (70%, 96% and 99%) then finally teeth were placed in methyl salicylate which make them transparent.
Number of roots, number of canals, type of canals, apical deltas, transverse anastomosis and lateral canals were evaluated after taking Shots for each specimens using hand held digital microscope with a built in camera on a precision microscope stand connected to IBM compatible personal fixed magnification of 30X. Data were collected and statistically analyzed.
There was a statistically significant difference between number of roots and number of canals and type of maxillary premolar whether first or second premolar
There was a statistically significant difference between type of canals and type of maxillary premolars whether first or second premolar.
The incidence of presence of two roots was higher than one root in maxillary first premolar and two canals was predominant, and type I canal had the higher percentage than other canal types.
One root in maxillary second premolar had a higher prevalence, and two canals were highly predominant, also type I canal was the most common.
A statistically significant difference was observed between maxillary first and second premolars regarding apical deltas and transverse anastomosis.
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For lateral canals, there was not a statistically significant difference between maxillary first and second premolars.
Comparison between CBCT and clearing technique using chi-squared test showed a high agreement regarding number of roots, number of root canals and canal type based on Vertucci’s classification among upper premolars.