الفهرس 
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Abstract
HCC is a major cause of morbidity and mortality; it is the sixth most common cancer world-wide, and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. Its prognosis is poor and early detection is of great importance.
The most common form of genetic variation between individuals is SNP which corresponds to a modification of a DNA sequence due to the change of a single nucleotide.
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 is zinc-dependent extracellular endo-peptidase enzyme. Increased MMP-1 activity enables greater ECM degradation, cell growth factor activation and tumor cell immune escape, which facilitate the initiation and invasiveness of cancer.
This work aimed to assess the relationship between Matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma developed on top of hepatitis B & C viruses.
The study included 100 subjects classified into three groups.
group (I): included 40 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma HCC on top of chronic HCV infection, (25) males and (15) females.
group (II): Included 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma HCC on top of chronic HBV infection, (16) males and (4) females.
group (III): included 40 apparently healthy volunteers age and gender matched with the diseased groups served as control, (24) males and (16) females.
All subjects were submitted to the followings:
Full history taking, full clinical examinations for disease diagnosis, Radiological investigation including U/S for tumor size for patient groups, Child-Pugh classification for patient groups and Routine
laboratory Investigations including: Liver Function tests, HCV antibody and HBs Ag, Alfa fetoprotein (AFP) and Matrix metalloproteinase-1 polymorphism analysis by PCR- RFLP technique.
The results of this study revealed that:
• All studied groups were homogenous regarding age and gender, as there was no statistically significant difference among the three studied groups.
• There was highly significant statistical difference between total HCC patients and controls as regarding ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin, serum albumin, Prothrombin time, Concentration, INR, AFP& PIVKA II (P value < 0.001).
• There was no significant statistical difference between group of HCC on top of HCV patients & group of HCC on top of HBV patients regarding AFP, ALT, AST, serum albumin, direct bilirubin, INR, Prothrombin time, concentration, AFP and PIVKA II (P value >0.05).
• Regarding genotypes distribution; there was significant statistical difference in the distribution of genotypes and alleles between patients and controls while there is no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and alleles between patients group of HCC on top of HCV& patients group of HCC on top of HBV.
• 2G/2G, 1G/2G genotypes and 2G allele carry the risk of HCC development when compared with 1G/1G genotype.
• In all studied groups, there was no significant statistical difference among the three genotypes regarding AFP& PIVKA II.
• There is significant correlation between the different genotypes regarding the clinicopathological features of HCC.