الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abdominal ultrasonography is essential diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal obstruction in donkeys. Biochemical evaluation of serum and peritoneal fluid may be of diagnostic value in intestinal ischemia caused by obstruction. Establishment of reference values for GIT wall thickness, lumen diameter and motility is essential for comparison with diseased cases. Administration of either mosapride citrate or ondasteron HCL is preferable in treatment of small intestine disorders. While, mosapride citrate only can be administrated in large intestinal disorders