الفهرس 
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Abstract
In 1910, Davis was the first to report the use of a fetal membrane
as a surgical material for skin transplantation. In the 1940s, several
authors reported the beneficial role of AM in treating a variety of
ocular surface disorders; however, due to improper management of the
tissue, the results were not impressive, until Kim and Tseng (1995)
who reported the potential clinical application of preserved human
AM that the tissue regained wide attention for ophthalmic use.
Certain features make the AM ideal for its application in ocular
surface reconstruction. The AM does not express immunological
rejection, promotion of epithelialization, and possesses
antifibroblastic, antibacterial, antivascularization and antiinflammatory
properties.
Amniotic membrane transplantation has been widely used
successfully for many purposes in ocular surface disorders. It has been
shown to be effective in promoting epithelial healing in persistent
epithelial defect, in combination with limbal transplantation in Steven
Johnson’s syndrome, and chemical burn to the cornea and
conjunctiva, It has been also used as an alternative graft in pterygium
excision, symblepharon and conjunctival tumors, as well as in revision
of leaking blebs after glaucoma surgery, and haze reduction after laser
photorefractive keratectomy.
This study presents an experience with 74 amniotic membrane
transplantations for different ocular surface pathologies with two
different forms of Amniotic membrane transplantation. The 74 eyes were divided into three groups according to pathology and type of
implant. group I included 40 eyes with amniotic membrane grafts
after resection of recurrent pterygium. group II included 14 eyes with
amniotic membrane grafts for symblepharon repair, and group III
consisted of 20 eyes with amniotic membrane grafts for resistant
corneal epithelial defects.
group I demonstrated rapid healing of the lesions with minimal
scarring in 30 of 40 eyes. In group II a favorable response was
observed in 10 of 14 cases. In group III complete healing was
achieved in 15 of 20 cases.
Intra-and postoperative complications were observed during an
average follow-up period of mean of 6 months including, recurrence
of the pterygium, pyogenic granuloma, and dislodgement of the AM,
symblepharon formation and motility restriction, in group I, II.
Infection and resistanance of healing reported in few cases of group II.
These results have proved the efficacy and safety of amniotic
membrane transplantation in different ocular surface disorders,
reducing the recurrence of pterygium, helping in fornix reconstruction
in symblepharon and promoting epithelialization of persistent corneal
epithelial defects.