الفهرس 
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Abstract
Today there is a growing concern on the national and the international levels about
problem of infectious diseases (156). According to WHO (2004) infectious diseases is
stil1 the second cause of death in the world (and the first in developing countries) being
responsible for about 15 million deaths each year (157). Moreover, emerging zoonotic
diseases which are transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans and vice-versa have
potentially serious human health and economic impacts. There are over 200 zoonotic
diseases; Avian Influenza is one of the major zoonotic diseases with which the World
Health Organization deals (7).
Scientists are concerned about the H5Nl virus for the following reasons: H5Nl virus
causes serious illness and death in poultry and therefore threatens domestic poultry
throughout the world. This virus can cause serious illness and death in humans. If a strain
of H5N 1 changes so that it is highly infectious to humans and spreads easily from person
to person, it could cause an influenza pandemic (13).
H5N 1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HP AI) is currently a threat to global
health, Between the period from the year 2003 to the iz” of March 2013 the cumulative
number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza AI(H5Nl) which were reported to
WHO reached 622 case, more than half of them subsequently died (371 case) (158).
In 2006, a total of 1067 outbreaks of HPAI H5Nl infections were recorded in Egypt,
of which 59 cases were in Gharbia, which included 53 farms and six backyard outbreaks.
Additionally, in 2007, Gharbia governorate had the highest incidence of HP AI H5Nl
infections among Egypt governorates (154). Moreover from January until March 2008, there
aretwenty I-IP AI H5N I outbreaks were recorded in Gharbia these outbreaks were recorded
in six districts out of eight districts in Gharbia (Mahala, Zefta, Tanta, Kafr-Elzayat, Qotor
and Samanod) (154). Furthermore, UNICEF (2008) classified Gharbia as a high risk governorate
(161).