الفهرس 
Introduction
The Lower BeakOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present work studied the development of the floor of the oropharynx in the quail. It is carried out on 55 Japanese quail embryos ages from the 4th to 17th incubation dayand 46 quail chicks aging from hatching day to 60 days old. The results revealed that the beak primordia appear at 5th day of incubation. Meckel’s cartilages fused rostrally at the 10 days old quail embryo. The keratinization of the beak has happened at the 13 days old quail embryo. The ossification of the Meckelian cartilage occurred at the 14 days old chick. The mandibular bones are splenial, supra-angular, angula, dentary and articular bones. The tongue primordium arises at 5th day of incubation. The muscle ceratoglossus appears at 5th day of incubation. The muscle hypoglossus anterior appears at the 6 days old quail embryo. Genioglossus muscle appeared at 7th day and disappears at 11th day of the incubation. The Ala linguae appears at the 6 days old quail embryo. The sublingual and lingual salivary glands appear at the 6th and7thday of incubation respectively. Both the preglottal and laryngeal salivary glands and the mandibular salivary glands appear at the 11th and 10th day of incubation respectively. All the glands give alcinophilic mucous with the age advancing except lingual one is seromucous. The laryngeal mound primordium appears at the 8th day of incubation. The laryngeal skeletons are cricoid, arytenoid and procricoid cartilages.