الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1-Although in vitro maturation rate of buffalo oocytes is similar to cattle, the overall fertilization and cleavage rates are much lower. 2-In vitro fertilization represents a very critical step in the entire in vitro embryo production in buffalo. It needs to be optimized. 3- This study was aimed to improve the IVF capacity in buffaloes by enriching the fertilization medium with different additives, such as Penicillamine, hypotaurine and epinephrine mixture, L. Arginine, L.Histidine, Eagle′s minimum medium (MEM) Non-essential amino acids and Selenium sulfide. 4- This study recommends employing with 25µl/ml PHE or 5 mM L. arginine or 3.2 mM L. histidine or 1% MEM non-essential amino acids in the IVF media to improve the fertilization and cleavage rates in buffalo.