الفهرس 
Surgical Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Lower Limbs VeinsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The revolution in endovascular technology has transformed the evaluation and treatment of venous disease during the past decade. Evaluation of varicose veins has greatly progressed with the widespread availability of duplex ultrasonography.
The treatment of varicose veins has also undergone dramatic changes with the introduction of percutaneous endovenous ablation techniques, including endovenous laser therapy EVLA, radiofrequency ablation RFA, and liquid or foam sclerotherapy. Open surgical treatment with stripping of the varicose veins performed under general anesthesia, with the associated pain, potential for wound complications, and loss of working days, has been largely replaced by percutaneous office-based procedures that can be performed under local or tumescent anesthesia with similar early and midterm results but with less discomfort to the patient, improved early quality of life and earlier return to work.