الفهرس 
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Abstract
Alopecia areata is a common disease of the hair follicle characterized by limited patchy hair loss (alopecia areata) or loss of nearly all scalp hair (alopecia totalis) or all body hair (alopecia universalis). Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with cytokines playing an important role, there is lesional expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-1 and overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule and MHC molecules on hair follicle keratinocytes. In human AA, hair loss is associated with the development of a peri-and intrafollicular mononuclear cell infiltrate. The prominent presence of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in the infiltrate suggests these cells may have a key part in the pathogenesis of AA, and the CD4/CD8 ratio is slightly higher in the acute phase in relation to the chronic phase. Our study aimed at evaluating CD4+/CD8+ ratio in patients with AA in comparison to controls in an attempt to evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The study recruited 35 subjects, 25 AA patients and 10 controls. A 4-mm punch skin biopsy was taken for immunohistochemical study to evaluate CD4/CD8 ratio. The obtained data was statistically analyzed. The results revealed the significant p-value, which was detected on comparison between lesion and non-lesion in patients as regarding CD4/CD8 ratio, and highly significant p-value was detected on comparison between (lesion and non lesion) in patients and controls as regarding CD4/CD8 ratio. There is statistically significant difference between acute and chronic cases of alopecia areata. We have found that there is association between increasing CD4/CD8 ratio and alopecia areata, so this option (we are going to search causes of increasing CD4/ CD8+ ratio, whether the case is acute or chronic) could be available for the patients with alopecia areata.