الفهرس 
I NFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Large for gestational age LGA is defined as a weight, length, or head circumference that lies above the 90th percentile for that gestational age. However, it has been suggested that the definition be restricted to infants with birth weights greater than the 97th percentile standard deviations above the mean as this more accurately describes infants who are at greatest risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality.
One of the primary risk factors of LGA is poorly-controlled diabetes, particularly gestational diabetes, as well as preexisting diabetes mellitus (DM) (preexisting type 2 is associated more with macrosomia, while preexisting type 1 can be associated with microsomia). This increases maternal plasma glucose levels as well as insulin, stimulating fetal growth.
Adipokines are hormones secreted by adipocytes store some stimulate and other inhibit insulin sensitivity, they signal to organs of metabolic importance including brain, liver, skeletal muscle, and the immune system and thereby modulating hemostasis, blood pressure, lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. The adipose tissue-derived hormones include adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, omentin, resistin, retinol binding protein 4, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, visfatin and vaspin.
Keywords: Cord Vaspin Hormone; visfatin