الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be an enormous public health problem, The cost to society of TBI is staggering While various mechanisms may cause TBI, the most common causes include motor vehicle accidents The male-to-female ratio for TBI is nearly 2:1, and TBI is much more common in persons younger than 35 years.
Classification
1- Focal or Diffuse Injury.
2- Blunt or penetrating.
3- Primary or Secondary brain injuries.
**Primary is a brain injury occurred in the moment of impact as Epidural Hematomas or subdural hematoma.
**Secondary injury may occur hours or even days after the inciting traumatic event. Injury may result from impairment or local declines in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after a TBI. Decreases in CBF are the result of local edema, hemorrhage, or increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Symptoms:
Depending on the type and location of the injury, the person‟s symptoms may include: Loss of consciousness, Confusion and disorientation, Memory loss, amnesia, Headaches, seizures, loss of balance and vomiting.
Diagnosis: Done by CT scan.
Management:
Done by important elements of therapy are Neutral head and neck position, normoglycemia, osmotherapy, normal body temperature, optimal blood pressure, Barbiturate therapy Normocapnia is recommended and adequate oxygenation (PaO2 higher than 90%), prevention of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Moderate therapeutic hypothermia could be of benefit, and maintaining of optimal blood pressure (MAP above 90 mmHg), especially in the first period after injury.
Prognosis: