الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this workwas to display the pathological affections of liver and intestine of different breeds of chickens (White broilers, Saso and Balady chicken) at Alexandria province on the basis of the bacteriological, parasitological and pathological findings. A total number of 100 chickens (67 White broilers, 19 Saso and 14 Balady) were brought from different sources as farms and markets.
Bacteriological examination of the liver of the different chicken breeds was found to be infecting with E. coli and Salmonellagallinarum, while the intestine was found to be infecting with bacteria as E.coli, Salmonella gallinarum, Klebsiella, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes, Clostridium perfringens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and parasites as Coccidiosis.
E.coli was isolated from the liver in Balady (100%), White broilers (67.16%) and Sasobreed (63.15%). While Salmonellagallinarum in White broilers (14.93%), Saso(10.53%) andBaladybreeds (7.14%).
The most isolated bacteria from the intestine was E. coli in Balady, White broilers and Saso breeds (100%), (67.16%) and (63.15%), respectively, followed by Clostridium perfringens which considered the second isolated bacteria in White broilers (52.24%), Saso (47.37%) and Balady breed (42.86%). Concerning the enteric coccidiosis in Balady breed considered the most affected breed among other breeds with a rate of (71.43%) While, White broilers was the least affect breed (20.89%).
The gross pictures of liver of different chicken breeds were enlarged, congestedand focal to multifocal whitish patches on its surface while the intestine showed swollen and slightly distended with gasesand dark red spots admixed with blood in the intestinal wall.
The most common recorded hepatic lesions were congestion, hemorrhage, vacuolar and fatty degeneration, cholangiohepatitis, hepatic necrosis, fibrinousperihepatitis, periportal fibrosis and hepatitis in three breeds. White broilers considered the most affected breed with different hepatic lesions and the hepatic necrosis was the most wide spread lesion among three chickens breeds.
The total encountered hepatic lesions in White broilers were (85). The highest percentage was hepatic necrosis (29.41%) followed by congestion (25.88%), hepatitis (20%), fibrinousperihepatitis (10.59%), vacuolar degeneration (4.71%), hemorrhage (3.53%), periportal fibrosis and fatty degeneration (2.35%) for each and cholangiohepatitis came at last at frequency (1.18%).
The total recorded hepatic lesions in Saso breed were (28). The maximum percentage was hepatic necrosis (35.71%), hepatitis came next at a percentage of (28.57%), cholangiohepatitis (17.86%), then congestion and vacuolar degeneration (7.14%) for each. At last, periportal fibrosis was (3.57%).
The total encountered hepatic lesions in Balady breed were (23).The greatest percentage was recorded in hepatic necrosis and congestion (30.43%) for each, hepatitis (17.39%), vacuolar degeneration (8.70%). Lastly, cholangiohepatitis, fatty degeneration and fibrinousperihepatitis were (4.35%) for each.
The most common enteric lesions were congestion, catarrhal enteritis, necrotic enteritis and parasitic enteritis. The enteric lesions were wide spread in White broilers more than other two breeds. Necrotic enteritis was the chief lesion detected in all three chicken breeds.
The most recorded enteric lesions was found in White broilers were (59). Necrotic enteritis was recorded as the major lesion with a rate of (67.8%) followed by congestion and catarrhal enteritis at frequency of (11.86%) each. Finally, parasitic enteritis was recorded at frequency (8.5%). The recorded enteric lesions in Saso breed and Balady breed were (16) for each. Necrotic enteritis represented (81.25%) and (68.75%) respectively then parasitic enteritis was found with a rate of (18.7%) and (31.25%) respectively.