الفهرس 
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Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and challenging childhood neurobehavioral disorders. It is characterized by problems paying attention, excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person’s age. ADHD is known to negatively impact children, their families, and their community.
ADHD is highly prevalent in children and adolescents worldwide and affects approximately 7% of children; ADHD is frequently associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), depression and anxiety. Iron, ferritin and vitamin D deficiency may be related to the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
The aim of our work was to evaluate the association between serum iron and vitamin D deficiebcy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.
The study was carried out upon 80 children classified as follow:
group I (ADHD):
60 patients with ADHD (43males, 17females) were studied. Their age range from 3 years to 18 years with their mean age 7.13 ± 1.89 years group II (normal control group):
Twenty clinically apparently healthy children (8 males, 12 females)
their age range from 3 year to 18 years with their mean age 7.95 ± 1.84
years.
All patients & controls were subjected to the following:
1- Full history takings and thorough clinical examination especially
neurological examination.
2- The following investigations:
A- Complete blood picture.
B- Measurement of serum iron, ferritin and vitamin D.
3- Statistical analysis.
In our study, we had male predominance by 71.7% of ADHD
patients where females were 28.3% of our patients with male to female
ratio 2.5:1%.
Prevalence of ADHD in our study was (61.7%) in urban areas was
higher than rural areas (38.3%).
There was significant statistical difference between studied groups
regarding to parents’ education as regarding to mother education 16.7% of
patient group their mother had university education while in control group
40% had university education and related to parent education 18.3% of
patient group their father had university education while in control group
was 50%.
There was a significant statistical difference was found between
studied groups regarding socioeconomic status of the family and there was a
significant association between low socioeconomic status and ADHD, out of
60 children diagnosed ADHD 17 (28.3%) from the lower socioeconomic
status, 38 (63.3%) had ADHD from middle socio-economic status and 8.4%
of high socio-economic status.
Consanguinity present in 45% in all ADHD patients and 20% of the
control healthy group this mean that presence of consanguinity is a risk
factor for the ADHD.
Large family size more than 4 children present in 36.6% of ADHD
group and in 10% of control group this suggests the larger the family size
(>4 children) the higher the prevalence of all the three ADHD subtypes.
There was a significant statistical difference between the studied
groups regarding to living with single parent as it present in 40% of ADHD
group and 15% of control group.
Family history of studied groups present in 35% 0f ADHD group and
in 10% of control group which reflects the genetic basis of disease.
Preterm represent 41.7% of ADHD group and 15% of control group
and increased prevalence of ADHD in preterm as preterm represent 41.7%
of ADHD group while full term represents 58.3%.
Birth weight in our study no significant statistical difference was
found between studied groups.