الفهرس 
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Abstract
TMJ has many different types of disorders ranging from congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic, arthritic changes, rheumatoid arthritis diseases and several muscle disorders as myofascial pain. TMDs often present with characteristic clinical findings, joint pain at rest or during motion, joint clicks and restricted joint motion. There are also noises, limitation of opening, uncoordinated movements, marked mandibular dental abrasions or frequent fractures of teeth and / or restorations.
TMJ examination consisted of palpation for tenderness of the TMJ and masticatory muscles, and auscultation with stethoscope to detect the click and crepitus sound of TMJ during mandibular openings and closing movements. The presence of anterior open bite was also recorded in addition to limited mandibular opening (maximal inter-incisor distance < 40mm) and mandibular deviation from the med line on mandibular opening.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an advanced imaging technique that can investigate soft tissue including temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. It is also considered to be one of the best diagnostic modalities to assess TMJ internal derangement (TMJ ID), one of the most common diagnoses of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It can be considered as a deviation of the relationship between the TMJ disc, condylar head, and araticular fossa.
This study is aiming to correlate the clinical findings with patients had TMJ disorders and magnetic resonance finding.
Twenty patients with TMJ signs and/or symptoms were included in this study, all the patients were selected from the outpatient clinics of Minia University hospital. The patients were of both sexes and varying ages from 18 to 60 years with the mean age 36 years ,all cases were subjected to history taking, thorough clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging of the TMJ using head coil with different imaging sequences (T1, T2, and proton density) in both open and closed moth positions.
Clinical examination revealed that pain was the most common symptom of TMJ disorders (27 TMJs) 67.5% followed by joint sound (24 TMJs) 60% ,55% had limited mouth opening, 35% show deviation of the mandible, attrition and malocclusion represent 25%.
from MR imaging, 60% of joints had disc displacement with reduction, 25% had disc displacement without reduction, 37% had changed disc morphology, 40% of joints showed retrodiscal tissue inflammation, and 15% of all joints showed joint effusion in MR images. The results showed that disk morphology, condylar osseous changes as well as retrodiscal tissue status were the significant predictors of pain which represent 87.5%, also, the disk position and eminence changes were the significant predictors of TMJ sounds which represent 77.5%.
Disc position was a significant predictor of maximum mouth opening which represent 65% and retrodiscal tissue status was the only significant predictor of mandibular deviation which represents 70%.
Several statistical correlations were performed between clinical and radiographic findings; there was a direct correlation between disk morphology, condylar osseous changes, retrodiscal tissue status and pain.
Disc displacement as observed with MRI correlated well with clinical signs and symptoms as pain and joint sound and limited mouth opening in cases of disc displacement with reduction and without reduction. Retrodiscal tissue status was the only significant predictor of mandibular deviation. The results showed that disk position was a significant predictor of MMO.