الفهرس 
Surgical Anatomy of the Lower Limb VesselsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Varicose veins of the lower limbs are dilated , tortuous, and palpable veins that are typically larger than 3 mm.
The prevalence of varicose veins ranges from 1% to 73% in women and 2% to 56% in men.
Aims: To review the recent trends in management of lower limbs varicose veins.
Summary: Comparing the clinical effectiveness of endovenous laser ablation, foam sclerotherapy, and surgery for the treatment of varicose veins showed no clinically substantial between-group differences in quality of life. Moderate differences in disease-specific quality of life favored surgery over treatment with foam, and moderate differences in generic quality of life favored laser treatment over foam. All treatments had similar clinical efficacy, but there were fewer complications after laser treatment, and ablation rates were lower after treatment with foam.
Conclusion: Open vascular surgery traditionally offered the “gold standard” with respect to durability and efficacy. However, it was associated with the typical morbidity and mortality of all open surgical procedures. These drawbacks included complications of general anesthesia (when used), the physiologic changes of clamping and unclamping major vessels, the significant intra-operative blood loss and fluid shifts in vascular procedures and the impact of various types of skin incisions. With the goal of decreasing the morbidity of vascular interventions, the shift toward endovascular procedures is well justified. When an endovascular intervention is not anatomically possible, open vascular surgery can be used in a hybrid fashion to modify the anatomy so that endovascular intervention is possible.