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Abstract Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) can adversely influence a patient’s clinical course following surgery and are equally as common as cardiac complications for patients undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery. Canet and Gallart demonstrated that Postoperative pulmonary complications were associated with a series of perioperative risk factors, such as age, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), type of surgery, and serum albumin. A majority of these risk factors can be intervened and improved. development of atelectasis because it is one of the primary mechanisms associated with ALI, a major cause of postoperative hypoxemia, leading to longer stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and increased length of stay (LOS) in the hospital. Aims: The aim of this essay is to through light on postoperative pulmonary complications concerning risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and ICU management. Conclusion: Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs are an important part of the risk of surgery and prolong the hospital stay by an average of one to two weeks. Much of the literature on the assessment of perioperative risk has focused on identifying the now well-defined cardiac risk factors. |