![]() | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the penetration efficiency of free Methylene blue (MB),and Methylene blue (MB)–with insulin to the hairless diabetic mice skin segment (in-vivo) using MN arrays iontophoresis (MN-IP) and, MN arrays electroporation (MN-EP). Three different arrays of microneedle electrodes were used (parallel, triangular, and circular). The in vivo permeability of MB and MB with insulin were evaluated by measuring MB concentration in the skin, transported amount of MB, cumulative amount of MB, mean flux rate, penetration depth of MB through excised mice skin and blood glucose level before and after ionotophoresis. The area enclosed by the MN array was equal to ~ 450 mm2 for the different shapes of the electrodes array. Circular, triangular and parallel were the three different shapes of the MN electrode array used There were significant difference found in the permeation profiles between control and experimental groups before and after putting the insulin on the mice skin, the diffusion using circular, triangular and parallel MN-electrode array by applying (6, 9, 12V) were as following: • Experimental groups before putting the insulin : nine experimental groups will be formed as follows, GI: 6 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GII: 6 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GIII: 6 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. GIV: 9 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GV: 9 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GVI: 9 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. GVII: 12 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GVIII: 12 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GIX: 12 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. G x For each rat a paired control will be done, but without using the electric field. • Experimental groups after putting the insulin : nine experimental groups will be formed as follows, G1: 6 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. G2: 6 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. G3: 6 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. G4: 9 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. G5: 9 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. G6: 9 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. G7: 12 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. G8: 12 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. Summary & Conclusion 63 G9: 12 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. G 10 For each rat a paired control will be done, but without using the electric field. • Experimental groups using MB+gel : nine experimental groups will be formed as follows, GI: 6 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GII: 6 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GIII: 6 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. GIV: 9 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GV: 9 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GVI: 9 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. GVII: 12 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GVIII: 12 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GIX: 12 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. G x For each rat a paired control will be done, but without using the electric field. • Experimental groups using MB+indulin+gel : nine experimental groups will be formed as follows, GI: 6 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GII: 6 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GIII: 6 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. GIV: 9 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GV: 9 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GVI: 9 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. GVII: 12 volt IP + circular array MN electrodes. GVIII: 12 volt IP + triangular array MN electrodes. GIX: 12 volt IP + parallel array MN electrodes. G x For each rat a paired control will be done, but without using the electric field. 3- The following measurements were be done for each sample: - The density and penetration depth of MB were determined throughout the skin thickness using light microscope with digital camera. - The concentration of absorbed MB, transported amount of MB, mean flux rate, and cumulative amount of MB were be done at different voltages using different shapes of MN arrays. 4- Data were fed to the computer and analyzed using IBM SPSS software package version 22.0.Quantitative data were described using minimum and maximum, mean and standard deviation and median. The correlations between values in groups were done using Spearman Correlation. Correlation was significant at the 0.05 level, sometimes was at 0.01 level. Summary & Conclusion 64 Experimental groups to investigate the effect of electricity, • group S(electric stress) consisted of 5 male rats expose to electric shock • group N(non electric stress) consisted of 5 male rats without electric shock (control) 5- Investigate the effect of electricity(as psychological stress) by measure the level of blood glucose in group S after exposure to electric shock and in group N (without electric shock) Measure the level of blood glucose of diabetic mice in group V and in group D Conclusions: The following results are obtained: • Increasing volt increasing the concentration of MB through the skin (μg MB) at 5 EP followed by DC-IP (Square wave, 0.5A for 5 min) for studied groups using parallel MN. • Increasing volt decreasing the concentration of MB through the skin (μg MB) at 5 EP followed by DC-IP (Square wave, 0.5A for 5min) for studied groups using circular MN. • Increasing volt increasing the average transported amount delivered (μg MB per cm2) at 5 EP followed by DC-IP (Square wave, 0.5A for 5min) for studied groups using parallel MN. • Increasing volt decreasing MB transported amount delivered (μg MB per cm2) at 5 EP followed by DC-IP (Square wave, 0.5A for 5min) for studied groups using circular MN. • Increasing volt increasing the mean flux rate of MB (μg / cm2/h) at 5 EP followed by DC-IP (Square wave, 0.5A for 5min) for studied groups using parallel MN. • Increasing volt decreasing the mean flux rate of MB (μg / cm2/h) at 5 EP followed by DC-IP (Square wave, 0.5A for 5min) for studied groups using circular MN. • Increasing volt increasing the penetration depth of MB at 5 EP followed by DC-IP (Square wave, 0.5A for 5min) for studied groups using parallel MN. • Increasing volt decreasing the penetration depth of MB at 5 EP followed by DC-IP (Square wave, 0.5A for 5min) for studied groups using circular MN. • Increasing volt decreasing the level of blood glucose in diabetic mice using three different arrays of microneedle electrodes (parallel, triangular, and circular) by insulin. • The decrease ratio in blood glucose is the highest possible when using parallel MN while using triangular MN the decrease ratio be lowest by insulin. • The circular MN in between parallel and triangular MN. • All results recommend applying a high voltage (12 V) with triangular MN or low voltage (6 volts) with parallel MN to achieve a very high permeability of the drug. Summary & Conclusion 65 • Increasing at the level of blood glucose in mice with a high fat diet which exposure to electric shock (as psychological stress) than the high fat diet mice wasnot expsed to electric shock. Finally, the most important point in this work is to emphasize the role and effectiveness of insulin in transdermal drug delivery to the skin layers MN arrays regardless of the shape of the electrode and the applied voltage. All groups with insulin recorded high permeability for the drug. To obtain a higher permeability of insulin,we recommend using the parallel MN with the low voltage or a triangular MN with a hight voltage. The development of diabetes increases with the presence of such factors as obesity, pregnancy, infection, psychological stress, pancreatic or other endocrine disorders and so on. So we should avoid exposure to psychological stress, follow a healthy diet and reduce fat in our food. 5-a new device desiened by the student till under studing to treated the diabetic through decrease the cell voltage to make the nervous system in parasymapthatic state (- 80mv), The idea of the device is based on the rule of all biological process is electrical process, And that all hormones and glands of the body are subject to the work of the pituitary gland and pituitary itself located under the nerve extension and subject to the nervous system so, the nervous system is the control of all the processes of the body and we can say that any damage or disorder in the body is a disorder in nervous system interaction or in the electrical of the body ,the device based on change the depolarized state (+50mv) to polarized state(-80mv)or close to it this device is close to voltage divider with some editing and use aprogram langauge, we using the cell voltage to be the input voltage. |