الفهرس 
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Abstract
Substance dependence is an important social problem in many countries. Teen users are at significantly higher risk of devel95oping an addictive disorder compared to adults, and the earlier they began using, the higher their risk. Adolescent substance use and abuse includes a wide range of substances, such as alcohol, marijuana, nicotine, cocaine, heroin and others. The potential for developing substance abuse and dependence is substantially greater when an individual’s first exposure to alcohol, nicotine and illicit drugs occurs during adolescence than in adulthood. Substance use disorder in Cairo is about 7%. About 19.4% began using addictive substance before age 15, and about 29.3% began using addictive substance before age 16-19 years old.
The present study was carried out in the adolescent psychiatry out-patient clinic in Helwan Mental Health Hospital and psychiatric clinic in Menoyfia university hospital. The sample size was determined to be 60 patient with substance dependence as diagnosed by psychiatric sheet and urine screen for drug abuse (30 adolescents with substance dependence without conduct disorder and 30 adolescents with substance dependence with conduct disorder) and 60 normal adolescents (without substance dependence or Conduct disorder). They were males with age ranging from (12-18) years. The patients were recruited from April 2014 to March 2016.
They were classified into the following groups.
A) Patient groups:
The patients divided into 2 groups: group a: Consists of 30 adolescents with substance dependence without conduct disorder.
* group b: Consists of 30 adolescents with substance dependence with co-morbid conduct disorder.
Both groups will be compared regarding their severity of conduct disorder, parenting style and severity of addiction.
(B) Control group:
*group c: Consists of 60 normal adolescents (without substance dependence or Conduct disorder).
Both cases and controls will be subjected to:
1) Written consent.
2) Psychiatric sheet.
3) The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescent (MINI-KID) (Sheehan et al., 1990; Ghanem et al., 1999).
4) The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adolescents (WISC).
5) Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (Quay & Peterson, 1987).
6) Parenting Manners Scale (Abd el Maksood, 1995).
7) Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI) (Kaminer et al., 1991).
8) Urine screen for drug dependence.
The main finding we found in our study:
1. As regard socio-demographic data assessment of patients group and control group:-
There was statistically highly significant difference between two groups as regard occupation of patient .There was statistically significant difference between two groups as regard age, father occupation and mother education. There was no statistically significant difference between patient group and control group as regard residence and father education.
2. As regard socio-demographic data assessment of patient groups:-
There was statistically significant difference between 2 groups as regard family history of parents. There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups as regard age, residence, occupation of the patients, father education, father occupation, mother education, family history of sibling and family history of other relatives.
3. In comparison between 2 patients groups as regard Mini Kid scale:-
There was statistically highly significant difference between 2 patients groups and Mini Kid scale as regard alcohol abuse, conduct disorder, ADHD. There was no statistically significant difference between 2 patient groups and Mini Kid scale as regard generalized anxiety disorder, dysthymia, PTSD, manic episode, psychotic episode and suicidal risk.
4. In comparison between patients group and control group regarding parenting manner scale:-
There was statistically highly significant difference between patients group and control group as regard discriminative father, authoritarian, father, hesitancy of father, authoritative parental behaviors of father, discriminative mother, authoritarian mother, hesitancy of mother and authoritative parental behaviors of mother. There was statistically significant difference between patient group and control group as regard overprotective father. There was no statistically significant difference between patient group and control group as regard overprotective mother 5. In comparison between 2 patients groups regarding parenting manner scale:-
There was statistically highly significant difference between 2 patients groups as regard discriminative mother and authoritative parental behaviors of mother. There was statistically significant difference between 2patient groups as regard discriminative father, authoritative parental behaviors of father, hesitancy of mother and overprotective mother. There was no statistically significant difference between 2patient groups as regard authoritarian father, hesitancy of father, over protective father and authoritarian mother.
6. In correlation between Revised behavioral problem check list scale and Parenting manner scale:-
There was statistically significant difference between conduct severity and (discriminative father, authoritative parental behaviors of father). There was statistically significant difference between socialized aggression and (discriminative father, authoritative parental behaviors of father). There was statistically significant difference between attention problems and (discriminative father, authoritative parental behaviors of father, hesitancy of mother) .There was statistically significant difference between anxiety withdrawal and overprotective mother. There was statistically significant difference between psychotic behavior and (authoritarian father, overprotective mother). There was statistically significant difference between excess motor activity and (discriminative father, authoritative parental behaviors of father).
There was no statistically significant difference between conduct severity and (authoritarian father, hesitancy of father, over protective father, discriminative mother, authoritarian mother, hesitancy of mother, over protection mother, authoritative parental behaviors of mother). There was no statistically significant difference between socialized aggression and (authoritarian father, hesitancy of father, overprotective father, discriminative mother, authoritarian mother, hesitancy of mother, overprotective mother, and authoritative parental behaviors of mother). There was no statistically significant difference between attention problems and (authoritarian father, hesitancy of father, overprotective father, discriminative mother, authoritarian mother, overprotective mother, authoritative parental behaviors of mother) .There was no statistically significant difference between anxiety withdrawal and (discriminative father, authoritarian father, hesitancy of father, overprotective father, authoritative parental behaviors of father, discriminative mother, authoritarian mother, hesitancy of mother, authoritative parental behaviors of mother) .There was no statistically significant difference between psychotic behavior and (discriminative father, hesitancy of father, overprotective father, authoritative parental behaviors of father , discriminative mother, authoritarian mother, hesitancy of mother, authoritative parental behaviors of mother). There was no statistically significant difference between excess motor activity and (authoritarian father, hesitancy of father, overprotective father, discriminative mother, authoritarian mother, hesitancy of mother, overprotective mother, and authoritative parental behaviors of mother).
7. In comparison between 2 patients groups as regard Addiction severity index scale:-
There was statistically highly significant difference between 2 patients groups as regard chemical use status, school status, family relation status, peer social status, legal status, psychiatric status and employment status. 8. In comparison between 2 patients groups as regard types of substance dependence and characteristics of tramadol dependence (duration /years and maximum dose):-
There was statistically highly significant difference between 2patient groups as regard benzodiazepines dependence and tramadol dependence (duration /years and maximum dose). There was statistically significant difference between 2patient groups as regard morphine dependence. There was no statistically significant difference between 2 patients groups as regard THC dependence.
9. In comparison between {Duration of tramadol dependence/years and Maximum dose of tramadol dependence (tab/day)} and revised behavioral problem check list:-
There was statistically significant difference between Maximum dose of tramadol dependence (tab/day) and (Conduct severity, attention problems, psychotic behavior, excess motor activity). There was no statistically significant difference between duration of tramadol dependence (years) and (conduct severity, socialized aggression, attention problems, anxiety withdrawal, psychotic behavior, excess motor activity). There was no statistically significant difference between maximum dose of tramadol dependence (tab/day) and (socialized aggression, anxiety withdrawal).