الفهرس 
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Abstract
Fibrin sealant, or fibrin ”glue,” is a unique surgical haemostatic, sealant and adhesive material that is being used in a variety of surgical situations. It is a two-component system in which a solution of concentrated fibrinogen and factor XIII are combined with a solution of thrombin and calcium to form a coagulum, simulating the final stage of the clotting cascade. The present study was conducted to determine the following:
1. Extraction of fibrinogen rich protein from different animal species by different extraction methods.
2. Extraction of prothrombin from bovine plasma.
3. Application of fibrin glue in skin wound healing as a method of alleviating traumatic stress.
4. Application of fibrin glue in hemostasis, liver wound healing and its effect on some parameters of liver function.
5. Application of fibrin glue in skin wound healing with comparison between ammonium sulphate and ethanol extraction methods.
Before begging our applied experiments we made the following:
a. Extraction of fibrinogen rich protein from different animal species by different extraction methods. The weigh and fibrinogen concentration were determined in each type.
b. Extraction of prothrombin from bovine plasma and the fibrinogen extracts clotting ability and activity were determined.
The result showed that ethanol extracted fibrinogen of cattle origin gave the best result for coagulability time and visible solubility was the best among all other fibrinogen extract.
Three main experiments were carried out:-
The First Experiment: : Effect of fibrin glue in skin wound healing on alleviation of traumatic stress.
This experiment was designed to determine the effect of using fibrin glue in skin wounds healing on alleviation of traumatic stress.
Twelve mature male rats were allocated into three groups (4 rats /group) and one standard dorsal surgical incision of 2 cm length was made under aseptic condition in the right side of the back. 1st group (4 rats): as a control group the wound was left for (natural healing). 2nd group (4 rats): as a control group the wound was sutured by simple interrupted suture. 3rd group (4 rats): the wound was treated by ethanol extracted fibrinogen of cattle origin. Each rat was housed in a separate cage throughout the experimental period. All rats were killed at day seven to collect blood for measuring cortisol and performing differential leukocytic count. Results showed that level of cortisol in fibrin glue treated skin wounds of adult male rats was significantly of lower value compared to those subjected to skin wounds suture and natural healing.
The Second Experiment: Effect of ethanol extracted bovine fibrinogen on treatment of liver wound.
The aim of the 2nd experiment was to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extracted fibrinogen of cattle origin in the treatment of liver wounds in comparison with control group left for natural healing
Thirty two mature white male rats aged 6 months were allocated into two groups (16 rats/group). Each rat was housed in a separate cage throughout the experimental period.
Following induction of inhalation anesthesia using ether, the abdomen was opened by a medial skin incision wound of 3 cm length. The topography of liver was determined and a portion of the main left liver lobe was resected using a scalpel to induce a wound of approximately 1 cm length. Then the rat divided to :
1. 1st group (16 rats): served as a control group, the surgically induced wound was left for natural healing.
2. 2nd group (16 rats): the surgically induced wound was treated by ethanol extracted fibrin glue of bovine origin.
At days 3 and 6 of the experiment half of the rats from each 1st group and 2nd group were euthanized under light ether anesthesia, blood samples were taken and their abdomens were excised and livers were collected, washed by cold saline 0.9%, grossly examined and fixed in neutral buffered formalin 10% for histological examination. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ,Serum alkaline phosphatase , serum total proteins, serum albumin, serum total and direct bilirubin, serum total cholesterol (TC) , triglycerides (TG) and High density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL) were determined. Fibrin glue treated liver wound ,exhibited a grossly marked uniform healing which was confirmed by histopathological examination indicated by the presence of organized fibrous tissue at the site of wound and the adjacent part of liver tissue, normally appeared without degeneration.
The Third Experiment: Effect of bovine and avian fibrin glue extracted by ethanol or ammonium sulphate on skin wound healing.
The aim of 3rd experiment was for determination of the efficiency of fibrin sealant (derived from avian and bovine sources) by different extraction methods on wound healing in comparison with natural wound healing and suturing.
Sixteen mature male white rats were allocated into two equal groups (8 rats /group). Hair of dorsum was shaved by electrical machine and the skin disinfected by betadine. Four standard dorsal surgical incisions each one of 2 cm length were made in each rat and each incision was treated by different technique. 1st group (8 rats): Each rat was subjected to four surgical incisions on right side of the dorsum treated as follow: Ammonium sulphate and ethanol extracted fibrinogen of cattle origin, natural healing and suturing (simple interrupted suture). 2nd group (8 rats): Each rat was subjected to four surgical incisions on right side of the dorsum treated as follow: Ammonium sulphate and ethanol extracted fibrinogen of avian origin, natural healing and suturing (simple interrupted suture).Each rat was housed in a separate cage throughout the experimental period. 4 rats from 1st and 2nd group were killed (at days 3 and 7 of experiment) to collect blood and the skin of the four surgical wounds were harvested and washed by 0.9% saline then finally preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for histological study. The result shows insignificant difference between different treatment of fibrin glue. But abetter healing in fibrin glues than suture and natural healing.
In conclusion, from the findings of the present study , The results of the present study demonstrated a significant beneficial effects of using fibrin glue in skin wound healing providing an accelerated healing process with less formation of collagen fibers and as a consequence less scare or granulation tissue formation in addition to alleviation the effect of stress on wound healing. Moreover, sealing of liver wound using fibrin glue managed to give a better hemorrhage control , uniform wound healing with less formation of fibrous tissue and reduced the negative impact of liver trauma caused by wound on liver function, recommending a wide application of fibrin sealant in veterinary skin wounds treatment and surgeries as a lifesaving procedures, especially for parenchymatous organs.