الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out during one year from the beginning of March, 2011 and lasted until the beginning of February 2012.The present study included estimation of the infection rate of gastrointestinal helminth parasites among camels through faecal examination as well as collection and identification of helminth parasites affecting alimentary tracts, mesenteric blood vessels, liver, heart and lung of slaughtered camels through post mortum examination. Also the study revealed the effect of age, season and breeds on the parasitic infestation rate.Faecal examination of 458 samples of different ages and breeds(native and sudani) through all seasons of the year collected from different villagers revealed that 133 camels were infected with different types of helminth eggs with infection rate 29%. The detected helminth eggs were Moniezia eggs (0.65%), Ascaris eggs (0.21%),Trichostrongylus eggs (25.76%), lung worm larva (0.21%) and Trichuris eggs (6.33%).The incidence of single and mixed infection with two species of parasites eggs through the examined camels were (24.89% and 4.14%,respectively) these percentages indicated that the single infection with one species of worm was most prominent than mixed infection.The present result showed that the infection rate was graded as mild in 18.9%, moderate in 8.95% and heavy in 5.24% and the mean egg count per gram of faeces (EPG) was (453.33±43.2) and the intensity of infections ranged from 100 to 2300 The infection rate was higher among ages of (1-5 years) than camel ranged from (6-10 years) in age with percentage of (35.76% and 25.73%,respectively).Also higher infection rate was recorded among Native breads (34.06%) than Sudani breeds (21.62%).With respect to the relationship between season and parasitic infestation it was found that the prevalence of infection was higher in spring and winter which was (38.76%and 26%, respectively) and low infection rate was recorded in dry season (summer and autumn )which was(24.4% and 5.8%) respectively.Post mortum examination of 98 slaughtered camels gastrointestinal parasites and mesenteric blood vessels of different ages revealed that 50 camel were infected with different helminth parasites (Trematodes, Cestodes and Nematodes) giving the prevalence of (51.02%).The identified helminthes were Schistosoma spp., Moniezia expansa,Moniezia trigonophora, Moniezia denticulate, Moniezia benedeni,Avitellina centripunctata, Stielezia globipunctata., Haemonchus longistipes, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis,Trichostrongylus falculatus, Cooperia spp., Impalaia tuberculata,Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Trichuris globulosa, and Trichuris ovis Dealing with organ examination of 98 slaughtered camel’s heart,lung and liver were examined during all seasons of the year. The results showed that one heart (1.02%) out of 98 examined camels was infected with Cysticercus dromedarii and 13 were infected with hydatid cyst with prevalence rate (13.26%), the predilection site for hydatid cyst was the lung (8.16%) compared to liver (2.04%), while hydatid cyst was recorded in both lung and liver in three camels with percentage of (3.06%).Concerning to the ovicidal effect of some disinfectants as Iodine 5%, Iodine 10%, NaOH 5%, NaOH 10% and camel urine on Moniezia eggs, Trichostrongylus eggs and Trichuris eggs, the result showed the most effective disinfectant as ovicidal against Moniezia eggs after one hour was Iodine 10 % as all eggs were destroyed (100%), followed by Iodine 5%, NaOH 10% and NaOH 5% (94.57%, 92.85% and 81.8%)respectively. Camel urine showed the lowest effect as (60.41%) of Moniezia eggs were destroyed after one hour.Trichostrongylidae eggs were highly susceptible to effect of different disinfectant; all eggs were destroyed by NaOH 10% after 10 minutes and by Iodine 10% after 10 minutes and NaOH 5% after 30 minutes. Also the results showed that 90% or more of them were destroyed after 10 minutes by NaOH 5%, Iodine 5% and Iodine 10%. The effect of camel urine on Trichostrongylus eggs was 33.3% of the eggs were destroyed after 10 minutes and 62.5% were destroyed after 60minutes.Trichuris eggs were the less susceptible one to the effect of disinfectants except for NaOH 5% and NaOH 10% as 74.19% and 90 %of the eggs were destroyed after 60 minutes.Ovicidal effect of urine on Trichuris eggs was lower than the other used disinfectant as after 10 minutes 13.09% were destroyed, 16.47% and 23.45% of the eggs were destroyed after 30 and 60 minute.In conclusion, the results of this study showed that strategic deworming of camel using broad-spectrum anthelmintics twice a year in spring, again in winter is necessary. Further studies should be conducted on the different disinfectants on the different helminth eggs.