الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Waste lubricating oil refers to the engine oil, transmission oil, hydraulic and cutting oils after use. It also refers to the degradation of the fresh lubricating components that become contaminated by metals, ash, carbon residue, water, varnish, gums, and other contaminating materials, in addition to asphaltic compounds which result from the bearing surface of the engines.Nowadays, globally different automotive and industrial sources generate large amounts of used lubricating oils, which present a serious pollution problem. Estimation of regional and global demands for lubricants demonstrated that Western Europe accounts for only 13% of total worldwide demand, while North America and Asia account for 22% and 30%, respectively, probably due to the widespread use of automobiles compared with other regions. Due to high lube oil consumption various countries have designed their own systems for management of waste oils. The re-refining industry has become an important industry in many countries, such as USA, Australia, and Saudi Arabia. Worldwide there are about 400 oil re-refining plants using a variety of technologies, with an overall capacity of 1.8 million tons/year. The ability to recycle waste oils is very closely linked to the oil’s composition, level, type of contamination and of course economic aspects. In this study we will discuss properties of lubricating oils and its deterioration after use, also we will discuss different technologies for refining of used lubricants applied in Europe and the processing of treated base oils with additives based on the application it will be used in.