الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total number of 271 samples were collected from cattle, sheep and goats suffering from respiratory manifestations (freshly dead and slaughtered at abattoirs). Of them, 169 nasal swabs were collected from 43 cattle, 67 sheep and 59 goats. and 102 lung and spleen tissues were collected from 32 cattle, 42 sheep and 28 goats. These samples were collected for bacteriological isolation and identification of P. multocida and confirmed results by using species-specific PCR. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify P. multocida from cattle, sheep and goat samples. And characterization of P. multocida depending on morphological and biochemical characteristics then confirming the identification of P. multocida isolates using species specific PCR. This study focusing on detecting of 5 virulence factors genes (ptf A, pfh A, tox A, omp 87 and nan B) of P. multocida using multiplex PCR with specific primer for each one of the virulence factors genes. With special reference to DNA nucleotide sequence analysis of the virulence factors genes to detect the genetic diversity of P. multocida isolated from cattle, sheep and goats. The prevalence of P. multocida in nasal cavity of cattle is 4.65%. While, P. multocida in nasal cavity of sheep by a percentage of 4.47%. and the prevalence of P. multocida in 59 nasal swabs of goats is 1.69%. The prevelance of P. multocida in 32 tissue samples of cattle (32 lung and spleen) is 3.125% . The prevalence of P. multocida in 42 tissue samples of sheep (42 lung and spleen) is 2.38%. Prevalence of P. multocida in 28 tissue samples of goats (28 lung and spleen) is 7.14%. Overall prevalence of P. multocida isolated from 75 samples collected from cattle (nasal swabs, blood samples, lungs and spleen) is 4%. Overall prevalence of P. multocida isolated from 109 samples collected from sheep (nasal swabs, blood samples, lung and spleen) is 3.67%.. Overall prevalence of P. multocida isolated from 87 samples collected from goats (nasal swabs, blood samples, lung and spleen) is 3.4%. DNA nucleotide sequencing of the virulence factors genes (ptfA, pfhA, oma 87, toxA and nanB) of the three isolated P. multocida isolates followed by analysis of nucleotide sequence and aminoacid alignment to study the genetic diversity of the three isolated P. multocida isolate isolated from Cattle, Sheep and Goat. This study revealed that there is no genetic diversity of toxA gene of the three isolated P. multocida isolates among Cattle, Sheep and Goat. And stated that there is no genetic diversity of omp 87 gene of the three isolated P. multocida isolates among Cattle, Sheep and Goat. And reported that there is no genetic diversity of ptfA gene of the three isolated P. multocida isolates among Cattle, Sheep and Goat.
And revealed that there is no genetic diversity of pfhA gene of the three isolated P. multocida isolates among Cattle, Sheep and Goat. Finally, stated that there is no genetic diversity of nanB gene of the three isolated P. multocida isolates among Cattle, Sheep and Goat.