الفهرس 
ANATOMYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
N
ormal wound healing is a complex process involving interaction of multiple cell types, inflammatory cells, platelets and stem cells.
Disruption of wound healing may be due to systemic disease such as diabetes and atherosclerosis or due to number of cellular and molecular defects including growth factor signaling, imbalances of matrix metalloprotineases and impaired recruitment of progenitor cells.
Different Theories are conducted to explain the local factors contribute to non- healing wounds as decreased collagen production, impaired fibroblasts proliferation, Decrease cells migration power, fibroblasts had become senescent, Cells proliferation may be normal but tissue lacks a structure over which cells migrate, etc... .
Ideal dressing criteria may involve dressings which remove excess exudates from the wound and allow granulation tissue growth and keep it warm. The ideal dressing criteria also include dressings which protects from infection and safe not containing toxic materials and don’t traumatize the wound when removed.
Dressings were categorized as advanced (those with prophylactic and/or therapeutic properties including amorphous material, silicone, hydrocolloid, foam, antimicrobials or negative pressure). Others were categorized as basic (those without prophylactic or therapeutic properties which are adherent with or without a pad to absorb exudates.
Several effective agents were used as Povidone Iodine, silver impregnated gauze, normal saline, honey, propolis, Aloe Vera, etc…
Human amniotic membranes have been used for many indications with a great success for more than 100 years. As amniotic membrane transplantation has been successfully applied for ocular surface reconstruction in patients with a variety of ophthalmic indications and used as effective burn dressing material and diabetic foot wounds dressing and on open abdomen directly on viscera to prevent serosal erosion and fistulas.
We conducted this clinical trial to study the effect of amniotic membrane on superficial abdominal wounds as a healing promoting natural factor.
A.M. transplantation was safe and did not produce any adverse side effects. None of them showed evidence of acute or chronic rejection when used as dressing material.
Healing effect promoted by AM is effective when compared to gauze dressing with normal saline as regard trauma during removal of the gauze from the wound which makes it a factor for delayed healing by removing the newly formed layers with significant pain associated with this trauma.
HAM has a significant effect on control of infection and prevents its recurrence as detected clinically by color, amount, and odor of discharge.
There was a highly significant effect on preventing profuse amount of the discharge when using HAM as a dressing material for superficial abdominal wall wounds. This means that effect on preventing profuse discharge is beneficial in preventing infection and preventing fluid loss from large surface wounded areas.
Infection preventive effect of HAM when used as a dressing material has been observed to be significantly reducing the morbidity, mortality and hospital stay.
We found that twice weekly dressing with the amniotic membrane for superficial abdominal wounds is sufficient for the effect on healing when compared to every day dressing with normal saline as regard the effect on healing, rate of healing and patient compliance.