الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Aim of work was to discuss some economic factors that have affected the efficiency of production and economic traits and offer some solutions for improvement. The area of the study was Menoufia province, the data for this study were obtained from a large commercial sheep and goat (100) farms during period extended from January to December 2014.
Sheep and goats were visited twice at least, once in summer and the other in winter along the course of study.
The results revealed that
The average birth weight of kids is significantly differed among parity and gender. The highest value appears in higher parity and vice versa.
The average birth weight was higher in male than female. There was a significant difference of birth weight of kids among parity and gender of newborn.
The mean values of litter size of sheep and goat are significantly differed according to parity, where litter size was higher 1.62 for parity 3 and lower for parity one in sheep.
In goat the higher litter size appears at parity 5 and low at parity one.
The season of birth has significantly different on mean values of litter size of sheep and goats.
The mean value of litter size of goats was higher in spring than winter 1.57 and 1.39; respectively.
The logarithmic production function was highly significant (P<0.01), and about 85 % from the changes in meat yield were attributed to the changes in production efficiency indices. The logarithmic production function was highly significant (P<0.01), and about 77 % from the changes in head’s life time meat yield were attributed to the changes in reproductive efficiency indices.
The logarithmic production function was highly significant (P<0.01), and about 30 % from the changes in meat yield were attributed to the changes in demo-graphic and socio-economic structures.