الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
HBV infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but enormous strides in prevention and control have been made over the last 25 years. As increasing proportions of the worldwide birth cohort are vaccinated each year, the groundwork is laid for major reductions in the burden of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in the future.
To eliminate HBV transmission, not only will the currently high levels of infant vaccination coverage need to be sustained or even increased, but specific efforts to vaccinate populations at high risk for transmission will have to be made. New HBV infections are becoming increasingly concentrated among populations such as injection drug users, inmates, and persons at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. These populations often have limited access to settings where routine preventive care and immunization services are provided.
Programs such as perinatal case management and venue-based vaccination of high-risk adults will need to be expanded and backed by a consistent commitment of resources. Also needed to ensure the continued success of hepatitis B immunization is the capacity to measure the impact of vaccination and investigate potential threats to its continued success. Accurate surveillance data are essential to characterize the at-risk population and assess the impact of vaccination—a task that becomes increasingly challenging as morbidity declines.