الفهرس 
المدخل الى الدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Learning Disabilities is considered one of the problems which is more important at the field of psychology, that is why it gets the interest of many researchers in this field , whereas confirm of more studies that the Learning Disabilities is a big problem in a lot of different schools , that is the reason the researcher decided to do this study in that field , to examine and treat Learning Disabilities for Pupils to limit from this problem and derease the negative effects of its results on society .
The topic of thinking is considered to be one of the most iportant topics in the field of psychology . It has the priority for those who are scientists in different fields because it is avery basic and main requirement . Thinking is the tool of the human mind . Thinking is very necessary in every moment of our life . Through thinking we can achieve a lot of differences in our life and find solutions to many problem at present and in the future . Thinking free mankind from his problemes and make him compatible with the surrounded environment . It is our support in our life , finally thinking flat our way towards avery cheerful and shining future .
Psychology literaries and research have confirmed that Pupils who have learning Disabilities , have inabilities in thinking skills process and that appears through Pupils’s baviour . this proves that they can not use their active thinking processes, and they depened mainly on their teacher and they do not think well . (Taysser Mofleh , Omar Fawaz : 2003 : 126 ) , and also a lot of studies have confirmed that pupils who have learning Disabilities are unable to think well .
The learning of thinking skills is providing the person with tools which he needs to enable him to treat effectively with any kind of information and the changes which he gets in the future , so the students gain the thinking skills as the most important thing to enable the student’s success and developing the society.
The Academic Achievement is one the important subjects which occupied and still occupy the thinking of teachers , the responsibles of educational process , also the workers in the square of education and Psychology which is considered as a complex phenomenon which is affected with different factors , some of them are connected with experience and the way of learning it and surrounding to the student’s requirements .
Problem of the Study :
The Problem of this current Study determined in the following main question :
What is the effectiveness of the training program in developing Reasoning thinking skills for Learning Disabilities students of the preparatory stage ?
1- Are there differences between the experimental group and the control group in the post test of Reasoning thinking skills (Dudctive Reasoning , Inductive Reasoning , Analogical Reasoning , and the total grade) ?
2- Are there differences between the pre and post test of Reasoning thinking skills (Dudctive Reasoning , Inductive Reasoning , Analogical Reasoning , and the total grade) in favour of the experimental group?
3- Are there differences between the pre and post test of Reasoning thinking skills (Dudctive Reasoning , Inductive Reasoning , Analogical Reasoning , and the total grade) in favour of the control group?
4- Are there differences between the post and the follow up test of Reasoning thinking skills (Dudctive Reasoning , Inductive Reasoning , Analogical Reasoning , and the total grade) in favour of the experimental group?
5- Are there differences between the experimental group and the control group in Academic achievement after the program application ?
6- Are there differences between the experimental group and the control group in Academic achievement after the program application ?
Objectives of the Study :
The current study aims at :
1- Identification of the effectiveness of the training program in developing the Reasoning thinking skills to the students with Learning Disabilities and rising their Academic achievement .
Significance of the Study :
The significance of the current study is contributes :
1- Preparing a training program to develop the Reasoning thinking skills for students with Learning Disabilities for the second grade of preparatory stage .
2- Preparing a scale aims at measuring the level of Reasoning thinking skills with Learning Disabilities .
3-Direct the view of responsiblity on educational process to the importance of the Reasoning thinking skills which develop the students to think well and desire for knowledge and information.
4- The results of this study can make use of directing the teachers to some important points which contribute in reducing Learning Disabilities in Academic achievement to the students of the second grade .
Methoed of the Study :
The experimental method was used because of its suitability for the nature and objectives of the study . It was depended on the two groups design : an experimental group and control group with the pre post and follow up tests of study variables the Cognitive Motivation was the dependent variables, whereas the program was the independent variables .
Sample of the Study :
The Study Sample included (30) students with Scholastic Retardation from students the second grade, were divided into two groups : experimental group (15) students, and control group (15) students from boys, their age is between (12 - 14) year .
Tools of the Study :
The Tools of the Study were represented in the following :
1- A test of progressive colonders (Raven) prepared by Fouad Abo Hatab (1977) .
2- A test of rapide neurological survey . Prepared and translated by Abd El Wahab Mohamed Kamel (2001) .
3- Reasoning thinking skills Scale . Prepared by the researcher.
4- Inventory of Behaviour Traits of Learning Disabilities , Prepared by the researcher.
5- Inventory of Behaviour Traits for Disabilities thinking , Prepared by the researcher.
6- The students result of Academic Achievement .
7- The training program, Prepared by the researcher.
The statistical ways :
The Study used nonparameric statistical treatment suitable examining Study hypotheses such as Mann - Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests . The entire statistical treatment were made by SPSS (v.16) .
The Results of the Study :
The present Study reach the following results :
1- There are no statistical significance differences between amongst the grads of the experimental group and control group in the pre test of Reasoning thinking skills .
2- There were statistical significance differences between amongst the grads of the experimental group before the program application and after the program application of Reasoning thinking skills in favour of the post application .
3- There were statistical significance differences between amongst the grads means of the experimental group in the pre and post application of Reasoning thinking skills .
4- There are no statistical significance differences between amongst the grads means of the control group in the pre and post test of Reasoning thinking skills .
5- There are no statistical significance differences between amongst of the experimental and control groups in the pre test of Academic Achievement .
6- There were statistical significance differences between amongst of the experimental and control groups in Academic Achievement after the program application in favour of the experimental group .
The current study results were discussed and interpreted in terms of review of literature and studies relevant to the study topic . Also, some recommendations and suggested researchers were presented as current study results showed the need for them .
These results confirm the effectiveness of the training program to Developing Reasoning thinking skills for Learning Disabilities Pupils In Preparatory School Stage and to improve their Academic Achievement .