الفهرس 
General principles of addictionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Recently, there has been an interesting clinical and scientific shift in perspective with many believing that addiction should encompass the compulsive engagement in activities such as smoking, Internet use, and gaming, in addition to its conventional relation with pharmacologic rewards (Grant et al., 2006). Aim of the work: This study is considered a comparative observational cross sectional study aiming to assess the frequency of nicotine dependence, internet addiction and internet gaming disorder among the selected sample. Also, it is aiming to assess the essential risk factors on internet addiction, internet gaming disorder and nicotine dependence. Finally, it aims also to compare the frequency and co-occurrence of internet addiction and internet gaming disorder versus nicotine dependence among the selected sample. Subjects and methods: All subjects of the study were compared according to Socioeconomic Status scale, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Lebanon Water-pipe Dependence Scale-11, Internet Addiction Test and Internet Gaming Disorder scale. There were also other questions describing the internet use, internet gambling, internet pornography and pattern of tobacco smoking. Results: It was found that the frequency of nicotine dependence is within (and sometimes less than) the global prevalence found in recent studies through the different forms of tobacco smoking, however the usage of new tobacco products e.g. vape and e-cigarettes became more frequent than before. Meanwhile, internet addiction and internet gaming disorder are currently more frequent than expected. It was found that gender and socioeconomic status play an effective role in severity of nicotine dependence and internet gaming disorder however they are not related to internet addiction. Meanwhile, the type of faculty is not related to any of nicotine dependence, internet gaming disorder and internet addiction. However age as a risk factor couldn`t be assessed due to the narrow age range between the students. Conclusion: It was found that there is positive correlation between internet addiction, internet gaming disorder with nicotine dependence which proves that addictions are sharing a similar neurobiological vulnerability.