الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of twenty beef carcasses at Beni-Suef conventional abattoir were examined to evaluate the degree of surface contamination. Each carcass was represented by the swabs from the neck, shoulder, thorax , abdomen and thigh. The swabs were collected during steps of dressing, each of after dehiding, evisceration and splitting.Twenty swabs samples were taken from knives and worker hands before dehiding and after evisceration .The collected swabs were identified and transferred as early as possible in ice box to laboratory for examination.
It was found that the mean value of APC of abdomen was 2 × 106 ± 106 cfu/cm2 after dehiding ; 2 × 107 ± 107 cfu/cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was 5 × 105 ± 105 cfu/ cm2.In neck , the mean value of APC was 2 × 106 ± 106 cfu/cm2 after dehiding . As well as was 5 × 106 ± 106 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and splitting , It was 4 × 106 ± 106 cfu/ cm2 . In shoulder, the mean value of APC was 5 × 106 ± 106 cfu/ cm2 , 3 × 106 ± 106 cfu/ cm2 and 7 × 106 ± 106 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding , eviseraion and splitting , respectively. In thigh, the mean value of APC was 6 × 105 ± 105 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding and it was 4 × 105 ± 106 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion, finally after splitting it was 1 × 105 ± 104 cfu/ cm2 . In thorax, the mean value of APC was 3 × 106 ± 106 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding . While it was 1 × 106 ± 105 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting , it was 5 × 106 ± 106 cfu/ cm2.
It was found that the mean value of MPN of coliforms of abdomen was 2 × 10 ± 10 cfu/cm2 after dehiding , 9 ± 6 cfu/cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was less than 3 cfu/cm2.In neck , the mean value of MPN of coliforms , constituting 4 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 , 3 × 102 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 and 3 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding , eviseraion and splitting , respectively. In shoulder, the mean value of MPN of coliforms was 2 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding as well as 1 × 102 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was 7 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2. In thigh, the mean value of MPN of coliforms was 4 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding while it was 3 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was 1 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2. In thorax, the mean value of MPN of coliforms was 6 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding , while it was 1 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was 3 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 .
It was found that the mean value of the MPN of fecal coliforms of abdomen was 9 ± 6 cfu/cm2 after dehiding , while it was less than 3 cfu/cm2 after each of eviseraion and splitting .In neck , the mean value of MPN of coliforms was 8 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding , while it was consituting 4 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and splitting , respectively. In shoulder, the mean value of MPN of coliforms was 3 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding . While it was 3 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and less than 3 cfu/ cm2 after splitting . In thigh, the mean value of MPN of coliforms was 9 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding . While it was 2 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion. While after splitting it was 7 ± 4 cfu/ cm2. In thorax, the mean value of MPN of coliforms was 3 × 10 ± 9 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding . While it was 7 ± 5 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion. While after splitting it was less than 3 cfu/ cm2.
It was found that the mean value of the E. coli of abdomen was 3 ± 3 cfu/cm2 after dehiding . While it was less than 3 cfu/cm2 for each of after eviseraion and splitting . In neck , the mean value of E. coli was 4 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding , while it was 2 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was 1 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2. In shoulder, the mean value of E. coli was 1 × 10 ± 6 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding, . While it was 3 cfu/cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting , respectively. In thigh, the mean value of E. coli was 6 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding . While it was 2 × 10 ± 10 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion. While it was less than 3 cfu/ cm2 after splitting . In thorax, the mean value of E. coli was 1 × 10 ± 5 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding . While it was 7 ± 5 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion. While after splitting it was less than 3 cfu/ cm2.
It was showed that the coagulase positive S. aureus count of abdomen was 7 × 102 ± 102 cfu/cm2 after dehiding while it was 5 × 102 ± 102 cfu/cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was 4 × 102 ± 102 cfu/cm2.In neck , the mean value of the coagulase positive S. aureus count was 7 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 , 9 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 and 9 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding , eviseraion and splitting ,respectively. In shoulder, the mean value of coagulase positive S. aureus count was 7 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding while it was 5 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was 9 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 . In thigh, the mean value of coagulase positive S. aureus count 6 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding . While it was 5 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion and after splitting it was 5 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 . In thorax, the mean value of the coagulase positive S. aureus count was 4 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after dehiding . While it was 4 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2 after eviseraion. While after splitting it was 2 × 102 ± 102 cfu/ cm2.
It was found that the mean value of APC of the knife blade after dehiding was 3 × 107 ± 107 cfu/blade while it was 4 × 106 ±106 cfu/blade after eviscerating of beef carcasses. The mean value of MPN of coliforms of knife blade after dehiding was 5 × 102 ± 102 cfu/blade and it was 2 × 102 ±102 cfu/blade after eviscerating beef carcasses. The mean value of MPN of fecal coliforms of knife blade was 2 × 102 ± 102 and 3 × 10 ±10 cfu/blade after dehiding and eviscerating of beef carcasses respectively While, MPN of the E. coli of each of the knife blade after dehiding and evisceration was less than 3 cfu/blade respectively . While, the coagulase positive S. aureus count of knife blade after dehiding was mean value of 3 × 103 ± 103 cfu/blade and it was 3 × 102 ±102 cfu/blade after eviscerating beef carcasses .
It was found that the APC of the worker’s hand after dehiding was mean value of 4 × 106 ± 106 cfu/palm on worker’s hand. While it was 5 × 107 ±107 cfu/palm after evisceration . While, MPN of coliforms of the worker’s hand after dehiding was mean value of 4 × 102 ± 102 cfu/palm on worker’s hand. While it was mean value of 5 × 102 ±102 cfu/palm after evisceration. While, MPN of fecal coliforms of the worker’s hand after dehiding and after evisceration it was 2 × 102 ± 102 cfu/palm for each. While, MPN of the E. coli of the worker’s hand ,each constituting less than 3 cfu/palm the worker’s hand after dehiding and after evisceration , respectively. The coagulase positive S. aureus count of the worker’s hand after dehiding was mean value of 7 × 102 ± 102 cfu/palm and 3 × 10 ±10 cfu/palm on of worker’s hand after eviscerating beef carcasses.
The incidences of E. coli. in thigh, shoulder and abdomen after dehiding; were 10%, 5% and 10%,, but it could be not detected in neck (0 %). While; it is 5 %, 5 % and 20 % in abdomen, shoulder and thigh of carcass after surface evisceration. On the other hand, the neck after eviseration it is failed to detect in neck samples. E. coli serotypes on carcass samples; in abdomen were O86 (5%) while, in shoulder it was O145 (5%) as well as in thigh was showed O86 (5%) O145 (5%) and O26 (10%).
The incidence of the Salmonellae could be isolated from carcass surface after dehiding 10 % of shoulder and it is failed to detect in neck , thigh and abdomen samples. While; it is 5 % in shoulder and thigh of carcass after evisceration and 10 % in abdomen of carcass after evisceration . On the other hand, the neck after eviseration it is failed to detect in neck samples.
The incidence of coagulase positive S. aureus could be isolated from neck, thigh, shoulder and abdomen 15% , 5% and 15% and 10% after dehiding. While, carcass after eviseration, 5% of each of shoulder and neck were positive for coagulase positive S. aureus as well as 15%of abdomen showed positive result. It is failed to be detected in thigh samples.
The incidence of L. monocytogenes could be isolated from carcass After dehiding; 5% of the abdomen but it could not be detected in each of neck, thigh, shoulder (0%). In constituting 5% of thigh in carcass after eviseration, was positive for L. monocytogenes as well as non of examined abdomen , shoulder and neck were showed the organism.
This study was performed on each of 10 beef carcasses for each experiment. Each carcass split into two halves. The untreated half of carcass was swabbed at shoulder and thigh as control. Also, the other treated half of carcass was swabbed at shoulder and thigh.
It was evident that the mean APC of shoulder of dressed beef carcass before treated with 3 % lactic acid spray washing was 105 ± 104 cfu/cm2. Such count was reduced to 9 × 102 ± 102 cfu/cm2 after treatment. As well as, such count in thigh of dressed beef carcass was 105 ± 105 cfu/cm2 before treated with 3 % lactic acid spray while it was decreased to 8 × 102 ± 102 cfu/cm2 after treatment. There was significant differences between means of APC before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at thigh and shoulder of dressed beef carcass. The mean of MPN of coliforms of shoulder of dressed beef carcass, was 10 ± 9 cfu/cm2 which was reduced to 4 ± 3 cfu/cm2 by spraying the used solution. On the other hands, the mean of MPN of coliforms of thigh of dressed beef carcass was 102 ± 10 cfu/cm2 before treatment, such count was reduced to 10 ± 9 cfu/cm2 after treatment. There was no significant differences between means of MPN of coliforms before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at shoulder of dressed beef carcass; while, there was significant differences between means of MPN of coliforms before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at thigh of dressed beef carcass. The mean of MPN of fecal coliforms of shoulder of dressed beef carcass was 10 ± 9 cfu/cm2 which was reduced to 4 ± 3 cfu/cm2 by washing by the used solution. On the other hands, the mean of MPN of fecal coliforms of thigh of dressed beef carcass was 102 ± 10 cfu/cm2 before treatment, such count was reduced to 10 ± 9 cfu/cm2 after treatment. There was no significant differences between means of MPN of fecal coliforms before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at shoulder of dressed beef carcass; while, there was significant difference between means of MPN of coliforms before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at thigh of dressed beef carcass. The mean MPN of E. coli in examined shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass before treated with 3 % lactic acid spray washing, each constituting 3 ± 1 and 2 ± 1 cfu/cm2, respectively. While; it was failed to be detected after spraying , constituting (less than 3 ± 0 cfu/cm2) in thigh of dressed beef carcass. In shoulder of dressed beef carcass, it was no differences in reduction occurs after treatment. There was no significant differences between means of MPN of E. coli before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at each of shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass. Non of examined shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass was detected coagulase positive S. aureus (˂ 102 ± 0 cfu/cm2, before and after treatment solution).
It was evident that the mean APC of shoulder of dressed beef carcass was 2 × 104 ± 104 cfu/cm2 before treated with 5 % lactic acid spray washing , while it was decreased to 4 × 102 ± 102 cfu/cm2 after treatment. The APC of thigh of dressed beef carcass was 4 × 105 ± 105 cfu/cm2 before treatment, such count were reduced to 8 × 102 ± 102 cfu/cm2 after treatment. There was significant differences between means of APC before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at each of shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass. The mean of MPN of coliforms of shoulder of dressed beef carcass before treated with 5 % lactic acid spray washing was 5 ± 2 cfu/cm2 before treatment, which was reduced to 2 ± 1 cfu/cm2 after spraying by the used solution. On the other hands, the mean of MPN of coliforms of thigh of dressed beef carcass was 3 × 102 ± 102 cfu/cm2 before treatment, such count was reduced to 3 × 10 ± 10 cfu/cm2 after treatment. There was significant differences between means of MPN of coliforms before and after treatment at p ( ˂ 0.05 ) at thigh of dressed beef carcass; while, there was no significant differences between means of MPN of coliforms before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at shoulder of dressed beef carcass. The mean of MPN of fecal coliforms on shoulder of dressed beef carcass, it was 3 ± 3 cfu/cm2 before treatment and it was reduced to 1 ± 1 cfu/cm2 after washing with the presented treatment. While, on thigh of dressed beef carcass, the mean of MPN of fecal coliforms was 10 ± 4 cfu/cm2 before treatment and it was reduced to 7 ± 4 cfu/cm2 after treatment. There were no significant differences between means of MPN of fecal coliforms before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at each of shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass. The mean MPN of E. coli on examined shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass before treated with 5 % lactic acid spray washing, each constituting 1 ± 1 and 2 ± 1 cfu/cm2, respectively. While; it was failed to be detected after treatment, constituting (less than 3 ± 0 cfu/cm2) for both shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass. There were no significant differences between means of MPN of E. coli before and after treatment at p (˂ 0.05) at each of shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass. None of examined shoulder and thigh of dressed beef carcass was detected coagulase positive S. aureus ˂ 102 ± 0 cfu/cm2, before and after treatment.
The public health significance of isolated microorganism was done as well as the suggestive measure to minimize the bacterial load on surface of beef carcasses are recommended to produce safe meat of long shelf life time.