الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abstract
Name of candidate: Abdullah Saied Abdelfadiel
Degree: (M. Sc), Chemistry Department, Faculty of science, Ain Shams University (2017).
Title of the thesis: Treatment of domestic wastewater in small communities using biological compact unit system .
Management and treatment of domestic wastewater using a biological compact unit treatment system (BCU) for application and replication in small communities as a non- conventional water resource for agricultural purposes is the main theme of the present study. A compact unit was fabricated and installed in the NRC pilot area and fed continuously with sewage via a connection to the municipality domestic sewerage intake system. Operation of the BCU continued through summer and winter seasons, hence at different organic loading rates (OLR) and different temperatures. The effluent from the BCU was fed to a sand filter at top side via equidistance nozzles to ensure uniform distribution. The function of the sand filter is polishing the effluent such that treated wastewater can be used for irrigation of vegetables and similar purposes. The characteristics of raw domestic sewage investigated in this study can be categorized of medium strength as per world-recognized classification. The average removal of pollutants by the BCU in terms of COD, BOD and TSS improves in direct proportion to HRT. The TSS highest percentage removal in the anaerobic stage is found at 48h HRT. The same trend applies for the aerobic stage and the BCU effluent. The COD and BOD highest percentage removal in each stage was found at the 48h HRT. TKN, TP, TC and FC followed the same analogy, returning maximum values at 48h HRT. However, for economic reasons the 48h HRT results are waved off based on high cost. The percentage removal of all parameters is observed to have near values at 24h and 12h HRT. Therefore, 12h HRT was opted based on economic advantage. The treated wastewater quality produced in terms of physico-chemical and biological characteristics at HRT 12h proved to be satisfactory and complying with the permissible standards given by the Egyptian law for restricted irrigation. This is because of the achieved substantial reduction of total COD resulting in an average effluent concentration of only 78 mg/l and FC of 560/100 ml. The characteristics of sand filter effluent, treating BCU effluent operated at 12h HRT in terms of COD, BOD,TSS and fecal coliform were 38 ,19 ,5 mg/l and 95/100ml. These values are compatible with national legislation for wastewater reuse in un-restricted crops irrigation.
Economic evaluation of the proposed BCU proves to be worthy for installation as on-site wastewater treatment system in remote areas and locations deprived from sanitation. The total cost of BCU construction, operation and maintenance will be EGP 5.45/m3 for restricted crops irrigation. When adding a sand filter, the cost will be EGP 7.35/m3 for un-restricted crops irrigation.
Keywords: Sewage , onsite , treatment, BCU ,Pathogenic bacteria.
Supervisors:
Prof. Dr. Mohamed M. Abo-Aly Prof. Dr. Fayza Aly Nasr
Prof. Dr. Mohamed M. Kamel.