الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Effect of different concentrations and time soaking of Streptomyces glaucescens isolate (TR-24 isolate) onOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bacterial speck of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) is a serious disease affecting tomato grown in open fields and in greenhouses (Bashan et al., 2001).
The most important results of the present study could be summarized in the following:
1- Five bacterial isolates were obtained from naturally infected tomato leaves from Assiut and El-Minia governorates in Egypt.
2- According the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, five pure isolates were identified as P. syringe pv. tomato
3- All isolates of Pst were virulent with different range of infection and the most virulent strain was Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato DC3000 therefore selected for antagonistic study.
4- 188 actinomycetes isolates were isolated from the surface of healthy tomato leaves growing under greenhouse condition during season 2013 and 2014 in Gifu University Japan.
5- Nine isolates of 188 isolates were reactive positive in vitro antagonistic study and selected in vivo antagonistic study.
6- Identified by 16SrDNA analysis was carried out for best nine isolates. 16S DNA analysis revealed that the most effective actinomycetes isolates TR-24 and TR-26 were related to one species Streptomyces glaucescens isolate GLA.O with percent of identity 99%.While the others isolates were related to different species of Streptomyces sp.
7- TR-24 could grow in all various International Streptomyces Project (ISP) tested media and produced abundant aerial mycelium powdery in white dark gray. No diffusible pigments were observed. Under the optical microscopy TR-24 morphological as spiral chain gray –blue in color.
8- TR-24 and TR-26 were the most significant isolates In vivo antagonistic study under growth chamber using spraying and drenching methods.
9- Spores suspension treatment with actinomycetes isolateTR-24 has suppressed tomato speck disease incidence, decrease the number of bacterial pathogen population and had the physiological effect on tomato plant growth.
10- Soakings tomato seedlings roots for 30 min into spore suspension of TR-24 had minimal percent of protection level about 16% while soaked for 60 min 90 and 120 min were showed protection level from 36%, 40 and 50% respectively.
11- TR-24 protected tomato plants and suppressed the disease incidence in all different concentrations. There was increasing in the protection level when the concentration of spore suspension of TR-24 isolate was increased
12- Treated with 10% spores suspension of TR-24 promotes the up-regulation of multiple defense genes involved in the SA-responsive pathway and ISR by JA-/ET.
13- TR-24 culture filtrate treatment could protect the tomato seedlings with 72% and had significant effect on the plant biomass (shoots length, roots length, weight of fresh and dry roots.
14- TR-24 culture filtrate induced Systemic Acquired Resistance in tomato plant by trigger SA responsive genes plus promotes Induced Systemic Resistance ISR by JA-/ET inducible genes response.
15- TR-24 had the ability to colonize tomato plants roots, stem and leaves and grown within epidermal and cortical roots cell under optical microscopy investigation.
16- TR-24 could produce cell wall-degrading enzymes included chitinase, cellulase, xylanase and pectinase enzym.