الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Due to increasing demand on fresh water sources, there is a need to develop new water supplies in Egypt. Large volumes of water produced during oil and gas extraction, called produced water; however, with appropriate treatment and application to beneficial use, produced water can serve as a new water supply in Egypt.
The main goal of this research was to investigate the feasibility of using a combined physicochemical/biological treatment system to remove the organic constituents present in produced water. In order to meet this objective, three separate biological & adsorption treatment techniques were investigated: AS to treat the COD, a SMZ to treat some of the BTEX , NP to treat the BTEX ,constituents that penetrate an upstream system. Each of the biological & Adsorption treatment systems were investigated first in the laboratory treating produced water and then in the column coupled to an ASS / SMZ / NP adsorption system treating produced water.
Finally all results obtained from the chemical analysis for all samples that taken during the operation of the model (sorption batch studies & in column experiments) and discussing these results to prove the main objective of our research.
The results, which were discussed in this thesis, could be summarized in the following points:
1- A submerged AS system can simultaneously biodegrade the COD and BOD constituents present in produced water. An aerobic, submerged AS operated at a 6 hr HRT , 2L of activated sludge ,2.5 h cycles ,flow rate 14 ml/min, nutrient addition 4g/l (NH3CL ,KH2PO4 ,KNO3 ) achieved high removal from produced water.
2- Alterations in physicochemical adsorptive system, such as temperature and pH can to influence the efficiency of the process. It was seen that in some citations the decreased of pH favored the adsorptive process of phenol but did not changed significantly the adsorption of BTEX. In addition to pH, the increased of temperature also seemed to be relevant, shifting the equilibrium towards desorption, decreasing the adsorptive efficiency.
3- The results show that, by using Activated sludge the removal % of COD, BOD , Ammonia, phosphate, TDS , benzene , toluene , ethylbenzene , xylene and oil & grease were 66 , 76,64,70,56,66,51,62,35,61respectivelly.
4- The results show that, by using SMZ the removal % of COD, BOD, Ammonia, phosphate, TDS , benzene , toluene , ethylbenzene , xylene and oil & grease were 76, 89, 75, 97, 77, 98, 98, 99, 100 ,68 respectivelly.
5- The results show that, by using NP the removal % of COD, BOD, Ammonia, phosphate, TDS , benzene , toluene , ethylbenzene , xylene and oil & grease were 83, 89, 94, 97, 93, 100 ,100, 100, 100 ,79 respectivelly.
6- The results of this study along with the low cost of SMZ suggest that surfactant-modified zeolite may have use in cost-effective produced-water treatment systems.
• 7- Colum-scale tests supported laboratory column test data, showing even greater sorption of BTEX from produced water than was observed in the laboratory columns.