الفهرس 
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Abstract
Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health, caused by increased energy intake in relation to energy expenditure. Obesity is associated with chronic low grade inflammation, characterized by only a modest increase in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, which plays a central role in the pathogenesis of obesity related complications, mainly atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Regular exercise training and aerobic fitness have been found to have an anti-inflammatory effect and were associated with reduced levels of inflammatory markers. However, there is inconsistency in literature about the inflammatory response to an acute bout of exercise, in which an increase in inflammatory activity has been reported to occur after an acute bout of physical activity, which may seem paradoxical.
The aim of this study was to investigate the basal levels of inflammatory cytokines in overweight and obese individuals and compare them with their levels in normal weight subjects, and to investigate the possible role of exercise intensity as well as bodyweight in modifying the inflammatory response to an acute bout of exercise.
The present study was conducted on sixty adult male subjects, divided according to their body mass index (BMI) into control group: included thirty normal weight subjects whose BMI was < 25 kg/m2 (20.54 ± 2.10) and overweight and obese group: included thirty overweight and obese subjects whose BMI was ≥ 25 kg/m2 (33.34 ± 4.23). Participants were divided into three exercise groups: low, moderate and high intensity exercise groups. Each group included ten normal weight non-obese subjects and ten overweight /obese subjects.
The Following Investigations Were Carried Out:
1)Anthropometric measurements for all subjects including body weight, body height, waist circumference and the Body Mass Index (BMI).
2) Exercise protocol: each subject performed one session of twenty minutes incremental exercise (low, moderate, or high intensity) on a treadmill.
3)Blood sampling and analysis: before and after exercise plasma CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA technique.
4)Data were calculated and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS ver.20 Chicago, IL, USA).
Our Results Revealed that:
•Overweight and obese (OW &obese) individuals exhibited significantly higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6),when compared with control subjects.
•An acute bout of moderate and high intensity exercise induced an inflammatory response, characterized by a significant rise in the levels of CRP and IL-6, and a significant decrease in the level of TNF-α, but not low intensity exercise.
•The inflammatory response to an acute bout of exercise was more evident in OW &obese individuals than in control subjects.