الفهرس 
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Abstract
This present study was attempt to reduce or prevent the side effect of chemotherapy such as Taxol using Ginkgo biloba as natural medical plant on albino mice and tests the activity of Ginkgo bilobain vitro as an anticancer.
Material used in the work:
1- Taxol (6mg/kg b.wt.): it was used as an anticancer drug andserved as a toxicant.
2- Ginkgo biloba (500mg/kg b.wt) is a medicinal plant material and administered as a protective agent.
3- The present study was carried out using 36albinomice weighting 30±5 g.
In this study, the major experiments are planned asfollowing:-
1- Detection of somePhytochemical Compound and Antioxidant Activity in the Ginkgo bilobaLeaves Extract byusing someChemical reagentsand thin layer chromatography (TLC)
2- Choice of Taxol (6mg/kg b.wt.) period of treatment and selectionwas carried out according to maximum damage occurred in DNA in liverand spleen tissues.
3- Determination of the protective potential of Ginkgo biloba against damageinduced by taxolin leukocytes,liver and spleen tissue after Taxol and Ginkgo biloba administration.
4- Determination of fragmentations in extracted DNA from blood leukocytes by electrophoresis afterTaxol and Ginkgo bilobaadministration.
5- Determination of DNA damaged cells percentage by alkaline singlecell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay and the protective potentialofGinkgo biloba against damage induced byTaxolin liver after treatment.
6- Investigations of the chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow of albino mice after Taxol and Ginkgo bilobaadministration.In addition, determining mitotic index ratio of bone marrow cells.
7- Histological examination ofliver and spleen tissues after fixation with 10% formalin. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin staining for all groups after Taxol and Ginkgo bilobaadministration.
8- Determination the anticancer effect of Ginkgo biloba on cancer cell line (SW480)
The findings of this study are summarized as follows:
Determination of total genomic DNA damage and apoptosis detection inleukocytes treated with Taxol to specify the treatmentwhich cause the maximum damage.
The results showed that Taxol induced the maximum DNA damage (apoptosis) after treatment.
The protective role of Gingko biloba against genomic DNA damage induced by Taxol in leukocytes after treatment.
The obtained results showed that Ginkgo biloba preventive effects on the development of genotoxic potential produced due to the administration of Taxolat the level of DNA damage determination by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Alkaline single gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay forLiver after treatment
The results of comet assay technique revealed that, administration of Ginkgo biloba showed significant improvement by thereduction in DNA damaged cells when compared with Taxol treatment groups.
Determination of chromosomal aberrations after treatment
The obtained results showed that Ginkgo biloba can decrease the percentage of chromosomal aberrations when compared with Taxol
Examination of tumor cell line culture
The colon cancer cell line (SW480) was used as a model to determinedthe cell viability by using crystal violet assay before and after using the Taxol and Ginkgo extract at different concentrations for 24 hours.
The experiments were divided into fourth groups
1. The Firstgroup:treated with (6mg/kg b.wt.) Taxol for 24 h
2. The Second group:treated with (500mg/kg b.wt) Ginkgobiloba extract for 24 h
3. The Third group: treated with combination of (6mg/kg b.wt.) Taxol and (500mg/kg b.wt) Ginkgo biloba extract together for 24 h
4. The fourth experiment: Determination of the ic50 of the Ginkgo Biloba extract according to the following equation The results showed that Taxol had significant cytotoxic effect on SW480 cell line at all concentrations were used and Ginkgo biloba extract was inhibitionthe growth of colon cancer cell line (SW480) especially in concentration (500 ug/ml-1000 ug/ml).
The colon cancer cell line (SW480) that treated with combination of Taxol and Ginkgo biloba extract showed inhibitory effect on cancer cellsand the ic50 of the Ginkgo Biloba extract determined according to the following equation IC50=(0.5-b)/a and the value appeared(577.7).