الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered to be a major health problem in pregnancy. It increases the risk of congenital heart diseases in infants of diabetic women. It is generally believed that hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress which plays a major role in the induction of these birth defects. Several studies evaluated the role of antioxidants in prevention of these anomalies.
In the current study, we used the chick embryo model to study the effect of both NAC and vitamin C either individually or combined in prevention of the teratogenic effects of the elevated glucose level.
We incubated 225 eggs of domestic species in a specialized automated incubator at 37ºC. These eggs were injected into the air sac at incubation days 0, 1, and 2. Eggs were divided into 2 main groups, the control and study groups.
The control group is divided into 2 subgroups one was not injected and the other was injected with 25 μL of avian saline. The study group is divided into 7 subgroups, glucose treated group (25 μL of the stock solution of 25 mM glucose in avian saline), NAC treated group (25 µL of the stock solution of 2 mM NAC in avian saline), vitamin C treated group (100 µL of the stock solution of 100 µM vitamin C in avian saline), NAC and vitamin C treated group (25 µL of the stock solution of 2 mM NAC in avian saline and 100 µL of the stock solution of 100 µM vitamin C in avian saline), glucose and NAC treated group (25 μL of the stock solution of 25 mM glucose in avian saline and 25 µL of the stock solution of 2 mM NAC in avian saline), glucose and vitamin C treated group (25 μL of the stock solution of 25 mM glucose in avian saline and 100 µL of the stock solution of 100 µM vitamin C in avian saline), glucose , NAC and vitamin C treated group (25 μL of the stock solution of 25 mM glucose in avian saline, 25 µL of the stock solution of 2 mM NAC in avian saline and 100 µL of the stock solution of 100 µM vitamin C in avian saline). Each subgroup contains 25 eggs.