الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the treatment of periodontal bone defects using open flap debridement (OFD) with bovine bone xenograft material in comparison to OFD alone in advanced chronic Periodontitis patients. Patients and Methods: A total of ten patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) were selected for this study. The study was based on a split mouth design as follow: Control sites: includes ten CP patients which were treated by OFD. Study sites: includes ten CP patients with periodontal bone defects which were treated by OFD with bovine bone xenograft material. Phase I therapy was performed for all patients, which consisted of scaling and root planning, oral hygiene instructions in form of tooth brushing instructions and the use of chlorhexidine mouth wash and an occlusal adjustment when indicated. Four to six weeks following completion of the initial therapy, an evaluation of the periodontal indices examination was performed to start the surgical phase. Clinical parameters used in this study included; plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and assessment of bone level (BL) using cone beam radiography. These parameters were recorded for all selected patients to provide clinical evaluation of periodontal status at baseline and after three months of surgery. Results: The clinical and radiographic results showed a highly significant difference between PI, GI, BI, PD, CAL and BL at baseline and after surgery in both control and study sites. where there was no significant difference between the mean values of PI, GI, BI, PD, CAL and BL in control compared to study sites at base line and three months after surgery. Conclusion: In the present study, both OFD with bovine bone xenograft and OFD alone were effective in promoting a clinical resolution, reducing pocket depth, improving clinical attachment levels and promoting defect fill. Although, OFD with bovine bone xenograft material showed slightly better results in PD and CAL than OFD alone in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.