الفهرس 
الفصل الأول: مشكلة البحث وخطة دراستهايوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Problem of the Research:
The problem of the research can be specified in the two following points:
”The presence of the weakness of some first-year preparatory pupils in some dictation, calligraphy and written expression skills. To solve these problems, the present research tried to answer the following main question:
What is the effectiveness of a program using blended learning based on constructivism in developing some of dictation, calligraphy and written expression skills of first year preparatory pupils?
Questions of the Research:
The current research tried to answer the following questions:
1. What is the effectiveness of a program using blended learning in developing some dictation skills of first year preparatory pupils?
2. What is the effectiveness of a program using blended learning in developing some calligraphy skills of first year preparatory pupils?
3. What is the effectiveness of a program using blended learning in developing some written expression skills of first year preparatory pupils?
Hypotheses of the Research:
The present research attempted to investigate the following Hypotheses:
1- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-testing of dictation skills in favor of the experimental group.
2- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-testing of calligraphy skills for the experimental group.
3- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-testing of written expression skills for the experimental group.
Purpose of the Research:
The present research aimed at:
1. developing some dictation skills of first-year preparatory pupils.
2. developing some calligraphy (script and cursive) skills of first-year preparatory pupils.
3. developing some written expression skills of first-year preparatory pupils.
Significance of the Research:
The research can benefit from the following:
1. Pupils: The present research helps in developing dictation, calligraphy and written expression skills through using blended learning strategy.
2. Teachers: Blended learning strategy helps teachers develop dictation, calligraphy and written expression skills, and treat deficiencies in the traditional teaching methods.
3. Supervisors: It helps supervisors when they train in-service teachers on using the program, and adds new specialized training material for training modules in schools.
4. Curriculum planners: The program assists them in the preparation and development of the contents of the current educational curricula.
5. Parents: It helps them to follow their children’s progress in dictation, calligraphy and written expression skills.
6. Educational Research: It encourages them to do similar research in other educational stages in the use of blended learning in teaching.
Delimitations of the Research:
The present research was limited to the following:
1. Human limits: A group of first-year preparatory school pupils; because dictation, calligraphy and written expression skills are essential; and they lack these skills.
2. Spatial limits: Altawael Alsharkia Prep School - Saqulta Educational Zone - Sohag Governorate; where the researcher works, and it’s the beginning of the researcher’s sense of the problem of the research.
3. Time limits: The first semester of the academic year 2016/2017.
4. Objective limits: They can be stated as follows:
- Some dictation subject matters that suit first-year prep.
- Some Arabic calligraphy models that were limited to scrip and cursive skills in eight subjects from (أ) to (ق) in the first semester; because of their suitability to the pupils of first year prep, which get more than 80% of the jury members’ views.
- Some written expression skills, which get 80% of the jury members’ views.
Instruments and materials of the Research:
According to the nature of the research, and its tools, the researcher prepared the following materials and tools:
1. A list of some dictation skills.
2. A list of some calligraphy skills (script and cursive).
3. A list of some written expression skills.
4. Designing a site named ”http://elmanhal.arkanorg.com” “Almanhal in Arabic writing for first-year preparatory pupils” with the help of (smart way) company to provide space for the site design, and the Facebook page entitled “Arabic writing Manhal at Saqulta educational zone”
5. A guide for teachers on how to teach using blended learning.
6. A student’s book on how to deal with Arabic writing Manhal site with the same graders.
7. A dictation skills test.
8. A calligraphy skills test (script and cursive).
9. A written expression skills test.
Methodology of the Research:
The current research used a quasi-experimental approach with the two equal groups (An experimental and a control group), where the experimental group was taught using the proposed strategy, whereas the control group was taught by the traditional method.
Variables of the Research:
Independent variable: The suggested program using blended learning based on the constructivism strategy.
The Dependent variables:
1. Dictation skills. 2- Calligraphy skills. 3. Written expression skills.
Results of the Research:
The research found many of the results. The following is a brief overview of these results:
1. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-testing of dictation skills at (0.01) for the experimental group.
2- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-testing of calligraphy skills at (0.01) for the experimental group.
3- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-testing of written expression skills at (0.01) for the experimental group.
Recommendations of the Research:
Based on the research results, the following recommendations are proposed:
1- Using blended learning based on constructivism strategy in teaching the Arabic language skills in the various learning stages and taking advantage of computer labs in schools.
2- Training Arabic language teachers in prep schools to use of multimedia-based blended learning strategy, and the Internet in developing other language skills for pupils.
3- Encouraging preparatory stage pupils to practice self-learning techniques in developing of dictation, calligraphy and written expression skills, and not just the traditional learning alone.
4- The need for providing educational resources in schools libraries for pupils to return to them when searching for information related to dictation, calligraphy and written expression.
5- Making use of the current program various and different skills in the teaching of dictation, calligraphy and written expression.
6- Diversifying the activities in teaching language skills within the syllabus through face-to-face and the Internet, and the involvement of students in teamwork, and shouldering the responsibility in learning.
Proposals of the Research: suggestions for further studies:
In the light of the results and recommendations of the current research, it is suggested conducting the following researches and studies:
1. Using the blended learning strategy in developing of dictation, calligraphy and written expression skills in other learning stages.
2- Building a program by using blended learning based on constructivism in developing of speaking skills of prep school pupils.
3- The effectiveness of a program using blended learning strategy for developing of writing skills among primary school pupils.
4- The effectiveness of a program using blended learning in developing literacy skills of prep school pupils.