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Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD), also known as bipolar affective disorder or manic depression disorder. It is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of elevated mood It is a chronic, pervasive, and potentially debilitating illness. Bipolar Disorder is characterized by dysfunctional affective regulation that typically results in fluctuations between reduced (depression) and elevated (hypomania/mania) levels of mood, energy and activity compared to a normal state. The two main subtypes of bipolar affective disorders are bipolar I disorder (BD-I; formerly named manic-depressive illness) and bipolar II disorder While prevalence data for BD varies across countries, populations and the applicability of DSM criteria, is has been estimated that BD has a life time prevalence of 0.1 % to 3.8% in adulthood. Bipolar Disorder is associated with high rates of impairment, Many adults with BD experiencing high levels of social and functional difficulties, especially when compared to other types of mental disorder The diagnostic criteria for Bipolar Disorder are split into Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by at least one life time occurrence of a manic episode. A person who is in a manic episode may have an abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood with abnormally increased energy or goal directed activity. This mania will have a marked impairment in functioning or necessitate hospitalization. Some people with BP I may also experience periods of major depression. Usual age of onset of the disorder is around 18 years. In children and adolescents the differentiation between mania and normal behavior for the developmental period can be hard to define and so diagnosis is done on a case by case basis using the child’s own behavior as a baseline. |