الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 on Jojoba (Simmondsia chenensis L.) shrubs located in a private orchard at El-Dakhla city, New Valley Governorate to assess the physiological effects of spraying camphor oil (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 cm3/L), GA3 (25, 50 and 100 ppm), applying glauconite (250 and 500 g/shrub) and EM1 (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 cm3/L) as a soil drench and a mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 cm3/L) on vegetative growth, yield components and oil weight (g) per 100 g seeds and oil percentage/100 g seeds. The experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), each treatment was repThe obtained results of this study were summarized as follows:4.1- Vegetative growth of Jojoba shrubs:>4.1.1- Shrub height (m):
In general, the most of treatments induced a significant increase in shrub height (m) during the two studied seasons. Moreover, treatment with GA3 (25 ppm) gave the highest value of shrub height in season 2014, while treatment with EM1 (9 cm3/L) induced the highest value of shrub height during season 2015.Concerning the effect of a mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil, treatment with a mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) + camphor oil at (1.5 cm3/L) gave the highest value of shrub height (m) during the two studied seasons, compared with untreated shrubs.4.1.2- Trunk length (cm) and trunk diameter (cm):Most of the treatments exhibited a considerable improvement in length of Jojoba trunk (m) in seasons 2014 and 2015. Hence, applying EM1 at 3 cm3/L gave the highest value of trunk length in season 2014, while EM1 at 9 cm3/L gave the highest value in season 2015, compared to untreated shrubs. On the other hand, a mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil (4.5 cm3/L) resulted in the highest value of trunk length during the two studied seasons compared with another mixtures. As well as, the effects of treatments on trunk diameter (cm) showed the same trend of the aforementioned parameter during the two seasons, whereas spraying GA3 (100 ppm) gave the highest value of trunk diameter in season 2014, while applying EM1 at 3 cm3/L gave the highest value of trunk diameter in season 2015, compared with untreated shrub.
4.1.3- Branch No/shrub:
The most of treatments induced a significant increase in branch No/shrub in seasons 2014 and 2015, compared to untreated shrubs. Applying glauconite at 500 g/shrub gave the highest value of branch No/shrub in season 2014, while camphor oil at 3 cm3/L gave the highest branch No/shrub in season 2015, compared to untreated shrubs.
Although mixtures of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil increased branch No/shrub compared to untreated shrubs. On the other hand, mixing GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil resulted in a considerable reduction of branch No/shrub during the two seasons in response to spraying camphor oil alone.
4.1.4- Branch length and branch diameter:
All the treatments showed the same trend of branch length (cm) and branch diameter (mm) during the two studied seasons, compared to untreated shrubs.
In addition, spraying camphor oil (1.5 cm3/L) resulted in the highest length of branch in season 2014, while applying glauconite at 250 g/shrub followed by glauconite at 500 g/shrub indicated the highest value in season 2015.
Moreover, a mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil enhanced the response of branch length or branch diameter to camphor oil concentrations during the two studied seasons.
4.1.5- Shoot No/branch and shoot No/shrub:
All the treatments produced significant increase in shoot No/branch during the two studied seasons. Applying EM1 (3 cm3/L) gave the greatest No of shoots/branch in season 2014, while spraying GA3 (100 ppm) induced the highest shoot No/branch in season 2015, compared to untreated shrubs.
Hence, mixing GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil exhibited a considerable improving the lower concentrations of camphor oil (1.5 and 3 cm3/L), whereas a mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) produced the highest shoot No/branch, compared to spraying camphor oil at 3.0 cm3/L in seasons 2014 and 2015.
The most of treatment induced a significant increase in shoot No/shrub during season 2014 and 2015 compared to untreated shrubs. Hence, camphor oil showed a superior effects on this parameter compared to the other treatments specially in season 2015.
4.1.6- Shoot length (cm) and shoot diameter (mm):
The obtained results showed a significant increase in both length (cm) and diameter (mm) of shoots during the two studied seasons. Applying EM1 at 6 cm3/L gave the highest value of shoot length (cm) in season 2014, while spraying GA3 (100 ppm) showed the same trend in season 2015. >On the other hand, mixing GA3 (50 ppm) with camphor oil exhibited a considerable improvement of camphor oil effects on this parameter during the two studied season, whereas a mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil at 1.5 cm3/L gave the highest length of shoot in comparison with another mixtures or camphor oil treatments.Concerning the effect of treatments on shoot diameter (mm), spraying GA3 exhibited a superior effect on shoot diameter (mm) compared to untreated shrubs throughout the two seasons.4.1.7- Leaves No/branch and leaves No/shrub:All the treatments showed a pronounced increase in both leaves No/branch and leaves No per shrub, except of treatment with camphor oil at 1.5 or 3.0 cm3/L during seasons 2014 and 2015Hence, spraying mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil exhibited a significant increase in both leaves No/branch and leaves No/shrub during the two seasons, compared to untreated shrubs.These positive effects of the treatments could be due to the enhancement effects on shoot No/branch and shoot No/shrub4.1.8- Shoot No/branch and shood No/shrub:All the treatments produced a significant increase in shoot No/branch and shoot No/shrub, compared to untreated shrubs.Spraying camphor oil at 4.5 cm3/L gave the greatest shoot No/shrub in the two studied seasons, followed by spraying GA3 at 50 or 100 ppm compared to untreated shrubs.Furthermore, mixing GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil induced considerable increase in shoot No per shrub compared to untreated shrubs, while it resulted in some reduction in the effects the higher concentration of camphor oil during the two seasons of this study.4.2- Yield components of Jojoba shrubs:4.2.1- Yield weight (g)/shrub:All the treatments showed a significant increase in yield weight (g)/ shrub during the two seasons with the exception of applying EM1 at 3 cm3/L induced a slight increase in yield weight (g)/shrub in season 2015 only.Both spraying GA3 or mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil resulted in a significant increase in yield weight (g)/shrub during the two studied seasons compared to untreated shrubs.
4.2.2- Weight of 100 fruits (g) and weight of 100 seeds (g):
The treatments showed the same trend of their effects on both weight (g) of 100 fruits and 100 seeds compared to untreated shrubs. As well as spraying both of GA3 or mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil produced the heaviest weight (g) of 100 fruits and 100 seeds of Jojoba shrubs in seasons 2014 and 2015.4.2.3- Rag weight (g):Regarding to the effect of treatments on rag weight (g) of 100 (g) seeds, it was obviously that different response to the treatments on this parameter. In season 2014, applying EM1 (6 cm3/L) gave the heaviest rag weight (g)/100 (g) seeds, followed by GA3 (50 ppm), while in season 2015, spraying GA3 (100 ppm) produced the heaviest rag weight (g)/100 (g) seeds, followed by applying glauconite at 500 g/shrub, then treatment with EM1 (9 cm3/L), all results were compared to untreated shrubs.
4.2.4- Oil weight of 100 (g) seeds:
Concerning the effects of treatments on oil weight (g)/100 (g) seeds, all the treatments induced a significant increase in oil weight (g) per 100 (g) seeds. In addition, spraying both GA3 (25 ppm) or (50 ppm) gave the heaviest oil weight (g)/100 (g) seeds compared to untreated shrubs during the two studied seasons.4.2.5- Oil weight percnetage/100 g seedsOn the other hand, in season 2014 the treatments resulted in considerable increase in oil percentage/100 (g) seeds, while in contrast to season 2014, all the treatments resulted in a significant decrease in oil %/ 100 (g) seeds, all data were compared to untreated shrubs.These negative effects of treatments on oil %/100 (g) seed could be attributed with environmental conditions in seasons 2014 and 2015, but these parameter needs carrying out more researches.Recommendation:According to the obtained results of this study, we could recommend with applying EM1 (3 or 6 cm3/L) or camphor oil (1.5 or 3 cm3/L) or spraying GA3 (100 ppm) to improve vegetative growth of Jojoba shrubs, while spraying GA3 at 25 ppm or 50 ppm, as well as a mixture of GA3 (50 ppm) plus camphor oil at 1.5 cm3/L to increase both of yield weight (g)/shrub, as well as to increase oil weight (g)/100 (g) seeds under this study conditions.