الفهرس 
Aim of the StudyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is among the leading causes of death and affects 347 million people worldwide. The WHO expects a 50% increase in deaths from diabetes over the next 10 years, and by 2030 diabetes mellitus is projected to be the seventh leading cause of death. The prevalence of DM has increased dramatically in the Arabic-speaking countries over the last three decades (WHO, 2013).
Most major complications involve large vessel (macrovascular) or small vessel (microvascular) disease. Recent reports have suggested associations between vascular disease, diabetes, and vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with hormonal function. Exposure to sunlight, dietary intake and supplementation with vitamin D are the main sources of vitamin D in human. In addition to its role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, bone metabolism and skeletal growth, the active form of the vitamin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2, D], plays an essential functions in many body organs.
Vitamin D deficiency plays an important role in many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, immune disorders, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancers.
25(OH)-D deficiency is still a global health care attention. An increasing number of studies have reported widespread 25(OH)-D deficiency and insufficiency in both obviously healthy populations and patients with various diseases. It has been estimated that billion people worldwide are influenced by various degrees of 25(OH)-D deficiency.