الفهرس 
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Abstract
Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin are able to impair male reproductive function that could result in generation of un-functional sperms that may lead to infertility. They elicit their toxic effect through alteration of reproductive organs weight, sperm characters (count, viability and the percent of abnormal morphology). Moreover,serum levels of reproductive hormones (testosterone, FSH and LH). Also, induced oxidative stress that is indicated by MDA concentration as biomarker for lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GST). Also, NO level and serum total acid phosphatase with low prostatic acid phosphatase enzymes activities as well as histopathological findings of reproductive organs, brain and pituitary gland that confirm testicular injury and antiandrogenic activities of both compounds.Eighty (80) clinically healthy mature male Sprague Dawley rats (4.5months old and 230-250 body weight) were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups(each of 20 rats)as follows:a- The first group (control):received 0.5 ml distilled water orally by stomach tube. b-The second group: received 10 mg/kg b.wt (1/20 LD50) of chlorpyrifos, c- the third group: received 17.22 mg/kg b.wt (1/20 LD50) of cypermethrin and d- the fourth group: received 5 mg/kg b.wtchlorpyrifos + 8.61 mg/kg b.wtcypermethrin (1/40 LD50 for each) orally every other day. Sacrificing was performed and samples were collected at 26th and 65th day of the experiment. The results of exposure to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination revealed a significant decrease in the body and reproductive organs weight of all treated groups. Significant reduction in sperm characters (count and viability) with significant increase in the percent of abnormal sperm morphology. Morever, there were significant reduction in serum levels of reproductive hormones (testosterone, FSH and LH). Also, chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin induced oxidative stress through excessive production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) expressed in a significant increase of MDA concentration as biomarker for lipid peroxidation with marked reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GST). While a significant increase in NO level and significant increase of serum total acid phosphatase with low prostatic acid phosphatase enzymes activitiescompounds. Administration of cypermethrin induced histopathologicalalteration in of reproductive organs, brain and pituitary gland that confirm testicular injury and antiandrogenic activities of both compounds.After 65 days, histological lesions are more prominent than exposure for 26 days.