الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective: Determining the prevalence of neonatal hypocalcaemia and its relation to serum level of vitamin D in Fayoum governorate. Background: Healthy term infants undergo a physiological nadir in serum calcium levels by 24-48 h of age. This nadir may DROP to hypocalcaemic levels in high-risk neonates including infants of diabetic mothers, preterm infants and infants with perinatal asphyxia. The early onset hypocalcaemia which presents within 72 h requires treatment with calcium supplementation for at least 72 h. In contrast, late onset hypocalcaemia usually presents after 7 days and requires longer term therapy. Data on the incidence and prevalence rates in the neonatal period are limited.
Patient and methods: This cross sectional analytical study conducted in Fayoum University Hospital. It included 100 neonates were investigated to determine the prevalence of hypocalcaemia and its relation to serum vitamin D level. Infant with missing or incomplete data, infant older than 28 days were excluded. All patients were subjected to full history taking focusing on (sex, birth weight, gestational age {full term or preterm}, neonatal complications, mode of delivery, nutritional history and feeding formula of infant, nutritional history of the mother during pregnancy, prenatal mother complications, history of vitamin D intake for infant). Also full general examination with special emphasis on CNS examination was done. The included neonates were investigated to Serum calcium total & ionized and Serum vitamin D level.
Results: 76% of neonates had hypocalcaemia, 24% & 52% of them had early& late hypocalcaemia respectively. 11% had low level of vitamin D. High percentage of hypovitaminosis D were found among urban inhabitant patients. There was no statistically significant difference between hypocalcaemia and normal calcium level regarding serum vitamin D level. There is significant difference with p-value <0.05 between total and ionized serum calcium level regarding neonatal age, history of maternal calcium and neonatal vitamin D supplementation. Hpocalcaemia was found more prevalent among neonates with no history of maternal calcium supplementation and neonates with history of no vitamin D supplement, and finally significant difference regarding associated symptoms with high percentage of neonatal hypocalcaemia among neonates had history of neonatal jaundice. Conclusion: Neonatal hypocalcaemia is widely prevalent in Fayoum governorate with no statistically significant difference between neonatal hypocalcaemia and neonatal normal calcium level regarding serum vitamin D level.
Keywords: Neonatal, hypocalcaemia, prevalence, vitamin D.