الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 175 |  |  |
| | | from | 175 | | |
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death from gynecological malignancy. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the major form of the disease and accounts for approximately 90% of all ovarian tumors. Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women and the 18th most common cancer overall worldwide. Symptoms of epithelial ovarian cancer are often non specific, especially in late stage cancer. Symptoms can include bloating, nausea abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, pelvic pain and urinary urgency. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is the most widely used tumor marker in ovarian cancer. CA125 level was highly significantly increased in malignant group compared to benign group and normal group. The level of liver function which include serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), albumin and bilirubin is significantly increased in malignant group than in normal and benign group. The count of WBCS, RBCS and hemoglobin levels is decreased but that of platelets count is increased in malignant than in normal and benign groups. Caspase 3 protein is a member of the Cysteine aspartic acid protease family. The expression of caspase 3 is very low in tumors either benign and malignant group. Caspase-8 is a cysteine protease that plays a pivotal role in the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death receptors. Caspase 8 show significantly decreased in malignant group when compared to normal group and benign group. annexin-v expression was significantly higher in malignant group for necrotic stage and viable stage than in benign group and normal group. There was significantly increased in early apoptotic stage for malignant group compared to normal group, but there was significantl decreased in late apoptotic stage for malignant group than in normal group. The percentage of cells in G1, S and G2-M phase of the cell cycle is determined by FCM analysis of PI stained cells. S phase and G2/M levels were significantly increased in malignant group when compared to those levels in benign and normal groups. G0/G1 phase level also was significantly decrease in malignant group compared to benign and normal groups. sub G1 apoptosis level was significantly decreased in malignant group than in benign and normal groups. Caspase 3, caspase 8, annexin-v and cell cycle is used as as a diagnostic and prognostic markers for ovarian cancer that facilitate early diagnosis of the disease and increasing the survival rate which the patients to the proper management of the disease. Also, the blood sample is the most simple sample that is used for diagnosis and prognosis the patients with ovarian cancer.