الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction: Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is the gold standard for management of patients with an anticipated difficult intubation scenario. It can be an unpleasant experience even with careful and meticulous application of local anesthetic. Conscious sedation is desirable not only to make the procedure more tolerable for patients but also to ensure optimal intubating conditions, particularly in the presence of abnormal laryngeal anatomy and pathology. Deep sedation can result in loss of airway patency with serious consequences. A major challenge during AFOI is to provide adequate sedation while maintaining a patent airway and ensuring adequate spontaneous adequate respiration. The aim of this study: is to compare the effectiveness of ketamine and dexmedetomidine combination (KD group) versus the effectiveness of ketamine and propofol combination (KP group) for the search of ideal sedation during AFOI. Patients and method: A total of 50 adult patients of either sex were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into two groups: group KD (25 patients received ketamine plus dexmedetomidine) and group KP (25 patients received ketamine plus propofol). Results: Regarding the hemodynamic stability, KD group showed more hemodynamic stability than KP group. Satisfactory intubating conditions were found in either group in our study which were insignificantly slightly better with more patient comfort in KD group. The time of intubation for KD group was slightly shorter than that of KP group. The satisfaction score and the adverse effects in our study showed insignificant difference between both groups. Conclusion: from our study, we conclude that the use of ketamine in combination with dexmedetomidine was better than the use of ketamine in combination with propofol for awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) regarding hemodynamic stability and oxygenation.