الفهرس 
introductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 113 |  |  |
| | | from | 113 | | |
Abstract
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an infectious viral disease affecting cloven hoofed animals (cattle; buffalo; sheep; goats and swine) in a dramatic form resulting in great economic losses. FMD virus is a member of genus Aphthovirus of family Picornaviridae and it sero-typed as O, A, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 and ASIA1.
FMD has been reported in almost of African, European and Asian countries and England.
The present work was designed in order to provide a rapid, accurate and sensitive method for detection of FMD antigens and antibodies to reach more fast diagnosis than the used traditional methods which are time consuming and require complicated steps with higher cost.
This work included detection of FMD virus (or antigens) in diseased cattle (25 animals) and FMD antibodies in vaccinated cattle (100 animals). The obtained results showed that:
1-Fiften diseased calves showed generalized buccal cavity and interdigital spaces lesions and only mouth lesions in ten of them. There was rise in body temperature (41-42oC), off food, salivation with the presence of vesicles on the gums and inter digital spaces. Abundant salivation was seen and the saliva hanging in long ropy strings with a characteristic smacking of the lips.
2- Application of AGPT on the collected field samples from naturally infected animals revealed that 2 tongue epithelium (TE) and 2 saliva (S) samples were negative to any virus type while 10 TE and 5 S samples were positive to type O; 6 TE and 4S samples were positive to type A and 1TE and no S samples were positive to type SAT-2. One TE sample showed positive result to mixed infection with both of type O and A.
3-Direct FAT showed that 12TE and 10S of field samples were positive to type O; 8TE and 7S samples were positive to type A and 3TE and 1S samples were positive to type SAT-2 without detection of mixed infection.
4- The results of RSAT using SPA showed clear agglutinations coming parallel and confirmed to those of FAT.
5- Trials of virus isolation on BHK21 cell culture revealed that FMD virus type O was detected in 5 TE samples; type A was detected in 3TE samples and type SAT-2 in 1 TE samples through the three successive viral passages while other samples were found to be negative to active virus although they were positive to AGPT, FAT and RSAT.
6- The induced cytopathic effect of the obtained FMD virus samples was characterized by cell contraction, elongation of cytoplasmic process followed by cell detachment from the culture surface between 18-24 hours post cell infection
7- The micro-titer technique of serum neutralization test (SNT) and rapid slid agglutination test (RSAT) using staph protein-A, showed that both tests revealed the same results in a parallel manner to confirm each other. FMD type O antibodies it was found that the antibody titer was determined as 4 (5 samples); 8 (6 samples); 16 (14 samples); 32 (26 samples); 64 (25 samples) and 128 (24 samples). FMD type A antibody titers were 8 (32 samples); 16 (31 samples); 32 (9 samples); 64 (13 samples) and 128 (15 samples). FMD type SAT2 antibodies showed the titers of 4 (2 samples); 8 (16 samples); 16 (22 samples); 32 (25 samples); 64 (15 samples) and 128 (20 samples).