الفهرس 
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common entity in clinical practice. Cardiovascular disease accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
This study was conducted on 60 stable COPD patients, who presented at Abbasia chest hospital during the period from November 2016 till august 2017.
Diagnosis of COPD was based on clinical history, physical findings, chest radiography and a post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to vital capacity (VC) <0.7 based on GOLD guidelines 2017.
The study included 56 males (93.3%) and 4 females (6.7%) with mean age 58.4±7.7 ranging from 40-79 years old.
Two-dimensional transthoracic, M mode and Doppler echocardiography examination was done for all patients to evaluate cardiac function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient and its co-relation with the severity of disease.
from the present study, the following results were obtained:
1- There were positive correlations between grades of obstruction and the age
2- There was no cases with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), EF <40%. However, the presence of mild (borderline) LVSD was in about 28% of patients, while mild to moderate left ventricular dimensions dilated in about 35%.
3- There was no statistical significant difference between grades of obstruction regarding left ventricular systolic function and dimensions.
4- COPD can cause left ventricular diastolic dysfunction LVDD in (25%)
5- There was no statistical significant difference between grades of obstruction regarding left ventricular diastolic function.
6- Right ventricular dilatation was found even in early stages of COPD and there was positive correlation between grades of obstruction and RV size.
7- Tricuspid regurgitation was present in about 75% of the patients with variable degrees from mild to severe. There was positive correlation between grades of obstruction and tricuspid regurge.
8- There was an increase in right ventricular systolic pressure or pulmonary hypertension in about 40% of patients. PH was more prevalent in patients with severe and very severe obstruction (55.7%) than in those with mild/moderate obstruction (16.7%).
9- Most of patients (30%) in the present study who developed PH had mild degree of PH.
10- TAPSE was used as easily obtainable measure of RV systolic function and it was normal in all patients.