الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins with an increased risk of many complication such as vascular diseases. It is believed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of this vascular complications particularly in patients of type2 DM. Nowadays, studies have reported that oxidative stress is produced from the increased free radical production which lead to lipid peroxidation and diminished antioxidant status. Oral hypoglycemic drugs that currently used have serious side effect, hence there is a need to search a newer anti-diabetic agents that having high therapeutic efficacy with minimum side effects. This may be fulfilled by using anti diabetic agents of natural source.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Egyptian honey bee venom in diabetic-induced rats. In addition, this work was done to evaluate how far the BV could be effective in managing the cytotoxic changes due to oxidative damage in diabetic animals throughout neutralization and restore of the associated metabolic and histological abnormalities to their normality.
To achieve these goals, 40 healthy adult male rats weighing 140-180 g were adapted to the laboratory environment for one week and then they were divided into five separated groups each of 8 rats. Diabetes was induced to rats by injection with a single dose of alloxan solution (120 mg/kg). The five groups are normal negative control group in which had injected with isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl), diabetic group in which injected with a single dose of alloxan solution (120 mg/kg), high dose BV treated group in which injected at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg BV for six weeks after induction of diabetes, low dose BV treated group in which injected at a daily dose 1mg/kg
Summary
106
El-kotby, D.A Biochemical study on the antidiabetic effect of Egyptian Honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom on diabetic rats.
BV for six weeks after induction of diabetes and vildagliptin (Galvus 50) treated group treated group in which injected at a daily dose 10mg/kg vildagliptin for six weeks after induction of diabetes.
After six weeks of treatment, rats of all groups were sacrificed and the blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements and pancreas tissue was removed, washed with saline and fixated in 10% formaldehyde solution for microscopic histological and pathological examination. Various biochemical changes and abnormalities were shown in plasma and pancreas could be summarized as follows:
Diabetic group showed a significant decrease in plasma insulin level, blood reduced glutathione level (GSH), plasma catalase activity (CAT), total antioxidant capacity content and HDL level compared with normal rats. On another hand there was a significant increase in plasma glucose concentration, malondialdehyde level (MDA), cholesterol level, plasma triglycerides level (TG), LDL level, creatinine level, aspartate aminotransferase level (AST) and alanine aminotransferase level (ALT) compared to normal group. No significant differences in plasma total protein content (TP) in diabetic group compared to normal group was observed.
Treatment with low dose BV revealed significant decrease in plasma glucose concentration, MDA level, cholesterol level, triglycerides level, creatinine level, AST activity, ALT activity and LDL level in comparison with diabetic animals. On the contrary, a significant increase in plasma insulin level, blood GSH level and CAT activity referring to diabetic animals. Plasma total protein content showed no significant changes.
High dose treated animals showed a significant decrease in plasma glucose concentration, cholesterol level, plasma TG level and plasma AST level in contrast with diabetic animals. This treated group also presented a significant increase in CAT activity, total antioxidant capacity content and HDL level
Summary
107
El-kotby, D.A Biochemical study on the antidiabetic effect of Egyptian Honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom on diabetic rats.
referred to diabetic rats. On the contrary, Plasma MDA level, LDL level, creatinine level and ALT level were non significantly decreased compared to diabetic rats. While, no significant changes in plasma total protein content, insulin level and blood GSH level were observed compared with diabetic rats.
Treatment with vildagliptin indicated a significant decrease in plasma glucose concentration, MDA level, cholesterol level, triglycerides level, creatinine level, AST activity, ALT activity and LDL level in comparison with diabetic animals. This treated group also showed a significant increase in plasma insulin level, blood reduced glutathione level (GSH), plasma HDL level and plasma catalase activity (CAT) compared to diabetic group. On other hand, there was non significant increase in total antioxidant capacity content in this group compared to diabetic one. No significant change in plasma total protein content in vildagliptin treated animals compared with diabetic animals was observed.
Microscopic histopathological examination of pancreatic tissues illustrated marked decrease in the islets of Langerhans size accompanied with a significant decrease in the number of β-cells, insulin secreting cells, in diabetic rats. These abnormalities were improved after treatment of diabetic rats with BV, which could have the ability to regenerate beta cells of islets of Langerhans.
Along with these findings, the present study could certify that the bee venom normalized the various biochemical and histological abnormalities resulted due to diabetes metabolic disorders.